Circulatory failure

Introduction A systemic pathological process in which metabolic disorders occur due to a decrease in blood volume or acute cardiac dysfunction. The patient first had heart palpitations, sweating, paleness, pulse speed and weakness, and then developed into cold limbs, cyanosis, rapid drop in blood pressure, disappearance of the pulse, and even no blood pressure, eventually leading to a cardiac arrest. A small number of patients with existing coronary arteriosclerosis can be complicated by myocardial infarction. And because there is not enough anastomosis between the blood vessels, the speed of vascular occlusion occurs quickly, and the collateral circulation is often not fully established in time, and the anastomotic vessels are abnormal.

Cause

Causes of circulatory failure

There is not enough anastomosis between the blood vessels, the speed of vascular occlusion occurs rapidly, and the collateral circulation is often not fully established in time, and the anastomotic vessels are abnormal.

an examination

Related inspection

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, LD) lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme dynamic electrocardiogram (Holter monitoring)

Circulatory failure check

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, LD:) Lactate dehydrogenase is a glycolytic enzyme. Lactate dehydrogenase is present in the cytoplasm of all tissue cells in the body, with a high kidney content.

Holter (Holter Monitoring): A method for continuously recording and compiling ECG changes in the active and resting state for a long time. Also known as Holter monitoring.

Electrocardiogram: In each cardiac cycle, the heart is excited by the pacemaker, the atria, and the ventricle. With the changes in bioelectricity, various forms of potential change patterns (ECG) are extracted from the body surface through the electrocardiograph. An electrocardiogram is an objective indicator of the process of cardiac excitability, transmission, and recovery. Electrocardiogram is the earliest, most commonly used and most basic diagnostic method for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease.

Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme: Lactate deoxygenase has five isoenzyme forms, namely LDH1, LDH2, LDH3, LDH4, LDH5, which can be separated by electrophoresis. The human heart, kidney and red blood cells are most LDH1 and LDH2. Liver and striated muscles are dominated by LDH4 and LDH5. There are more LDH3 in the spleen, pancreas, thyroid and adrenal glands. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme is one of the indicators for observing myocardial disease, hepatobiliary disease and the like.

Diagnostics and auxiliary examinations can be performed according to the above inspection methods.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of circulatory failure

1. Microcirculatory disorders: Microcirculation is the blood circulation in the capillaries between the arterioles and venules, and is the most basic structural and functional unit in the circulatory system. It includes bodily fluid circulation in the arterioles, venules, capillary lymphatic vessels, and tissue ducts. Every organ in the human body, each tissue cell must provide oxygen and nutrients from the microcirculation, transfer energy, exchange information, and eliminate carbon dioxide and metabolic waste. Once the microcirculation of the human body is impeded, its corresponding tissue system or internal organs will be affected and unable to function normally, which will easily lead to aging, immune function disorder and disease.

2. The collateral circulation is not fully developed: after the blood flow of the main blood vessels (arteries or veins) of a certain part of the body is blocked, the blood vessels of the original anastomotic branch of the part are dilated, forming a bypass, and the blood is bypassed through these bypasses. The cycle is restored, and this cycle of circulation is called collateral circulation, also known as compensatory cycle. The lack of collateral circulation development indicates that these bypass developments are inadequate, or affect the circulation, which can cause various cardiovascular diseases.

3. Systemic congestion: right heart failure causes systemic congestion and increased venous pressure. Systemic congestion is an important cause of metabolic changes in many organs.

4. Body pulmonary embolism: The body or pulmonary artery is blocked by emboli caused by blood flow. Mainly thromboembolism. It can also be caused by air, fat, or septic emboli.

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