Pediatric Facial Rash

Introduction A rash is a skin lesion. There are a variety of manifestations ranging from simple skin color changes to skin surface bulging or blisters. The rash is characterized by large and small patches of red, sometimes itchy, sometimes not itchy. There are many types and causes of the disease, and it is necessary to diagnose according to different situations. Many of the febrile diseases in children are accompanied by rashes, such as scarlet fever, chickenpox, measles, childhood acute rash, some drug rashes and some serious infectious diseases often with some rashes. Each rash has its own characteristics.

Cause

1. Acute rash sexually transmitted diseases

Acute rash infections include scarlet fever, rubella, chickenpox, measles, dengue typhus, ascariasis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, erysipelas, hare fever, horse snot and many other diseases. It is characterized by multiple rashes with different forms of fever. Due to the different diseases, these diseases have their own characteristics. Such as scarlet hot rash often on the first 1-2 days of onset, first appeared in the upper part of the chest and the bottom of the neck, and then quickly spread throughout the body, facial redness and pale lips, there is scaling, the incidence of acute fever, pharyngitis began, Accompanied by leukocytosis and typical eustoma-like tongue; the rash of measles often occurs on the 3-4th day after the disease, and the rash begins on the face, behind the ear, at the hairline, and later throughout the body, with a rash or maculopapular rash. In the later stage, there were desquamation and pigmentation, accompanied by leukopenia, upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and measles mucosa symptoms in the oral cavity; on the first 1-2 days after the disease, the rash quickly disappeared rapidly, showing scattered small macules. Spread from the face down, no desquamation and pigmentation, the general course of disease is short and the symptoms are mild; the rash of chickenpox often appears in batches within a few hours or 1-2 days, initially erythema, secondary to macules, and again pimples After that, it turned into a leeches. In addition, typhus, typhoid fever, ascariasis, paratyphoid fever, and hare fever are also infectious diseases with rash and fever, but the incidence is low, and its typical type of fever and medical history can assist in diagnosis.

2, connective tissue disease is mainly seen in acute disseminated lupus erythematosus.

Typical skin damage is butterfly erythema on the bridge of the nose or cheeks. Other skin lesions such as exudative erythema multiforme, papules, purpura, urticaria, etc., accompanied by fever, rash, splenomegaly, joint pain, etc. symptom. Laboratory tests can find evidence of accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, decreased serum protein, and anti-nuclear antibody test. The discovery of lupus cells is decisive for the diagnosis of this disease.

3. Allergic and allergic diseases

A variety of rashes can occur in 1/3 of patients with rheumatic fever. The most common are ring erythema and subcutaneous nodules, which are often associated with fever, sweat, joint pain and accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The drug fever is usually accompanied by a drug eruption, but it is mostly symmetric and pleomorphic, often accompanied by itching and burning sensation. Common types of rash are scarlet fever-like erythema, urticaria, measles-like erythema, fixed erythema, etc., before taking the disease, taking antibiotics, salicylic acid preparations, luminal and other history. Urticaria is also caused by allergies and can be caused by cold irritation and other allergens. It is characterized by temporary edematous skin bulging, flush top surface, often accompanied by itching and burning sensation, usually sudden, after tens of minutes or It disappeared quickly after a few hours.

4, blood disease

Acute rash can also be seen in certain blood diseases. Often accompanied by fever, can be seen in acute leukemia, Hodgkin's disease and malignant reticulocyte disease. Bone marrow examination can help diagnose.

an examination

Related inspection

Physical examination of skin diseases skin smear microscopy skin test skin color

The occurrence of rash in pediatric diseases is quite common, and the situation is more complicated. According to its morphology, it can be divided into maculopapular rash (including macule, papule), herpes (including bullae, vesicles, pustules) and purpura. The same kind of rash can be seen in different kinds of diseases, and different rashes can be seen in the same disease. It should be combined with medical history and clinical manifestation.

Differential diagnosis

1. Spotted rash: only partial skin color changes, neither high skin surface nor sunken skin damage, seen in typhus, erysipelas, rheumatic erythema multiforme, etc.: red spots due to vasodilation (red scarlet fever, Measles, drug eruption, etc.), purple spots of subcutaneous hemorrhage, and so on. The purple spot is further divided into a small point-like hemorrhage with a diameter of less than 5 mm or a puncture point and a blood spot or a purpura having a diameter of 5 mm or more. These macules often turn from red or purple to brown and yellow until they finally disappear. From rash to disappearance, some take two weeks, some as long as 2-3 days.

Skin pigmentation changes the skin, called pigmentation spots. In contrast to pigmented spots, whitening of the skin is called white spot, which is represented by vitiligo (white spot of leucorrhea).

2, papules (Papules): is a small substantial skin bulge with color changes in the skin damage, found in drug rash, measles, scarlet fever, vaginal rash and so on.

3, rose rash (roseolas): often with the chest and abdomen appearing a bright red, small (more than 2 ~ 3mm in diameter), round rash, pressure fade. This is a characteristic rash that has important diagnostic value for typhoid and typhoid fever.

4, maculopaul (maculopapulae): on the cat's chassis appeared papules as maculopapular rash, seen in scarlet fever, rubella and drug eruption.

5, urticaria (urticaria): also known as wheal, is a temporary edema of local skin edema, varying in size, different forms, color or pale or reddish, leaving no trace after disappearing, is the skin immediate allergic reaction Caused by heterosexual protein foods, drugs or other substance allergies, insect bites and so on.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.