Severe mental retardation

Introduction The patient's mental development is extremely poor, the speech function is seriously impaired, and effective verbal communication cannot be carried out. It is impossible to learn and labor, not count, and life cannot take care of itself. This type of patient is often associated with congenital diseases, seizures and abnormal signs of the nervous system. IQ is between 25 and 39, and about 7% of patients with mental retardation belong to this type.

Cause

There are two major categories of causes, namely, environmental factors (lack of education) and individual factors (brain diseases), and most patients with mental retardation are the consequences of the interaction of the above two factors, and the severe spirit In addition to the basis of brain diseases, developmental retardation also has the cause of physical illness. Many studies have shown that normal intelligence is determined by multiple genes, and some abnormal genes can cause mental retardation through metabolic disorders and other diseases.

The psychosocial factors that cause mental retardation are: low socio-economic level, housing crowding, and unstable family environment. Physical factors include more widespread: such as genetic abnormalities, fetal damage, perinatal diseases, and postnatal diseases, especially infections, poisoning, trauma, physical factors, and hypoxia, metabolism, and nutritional disorders leading to mental retardation. s reason.

an examination

Related inspection

Neurological examination of brain CT examination

IQ is between 25 and 39. You can't learn and work, you can't count, you can't take care of yourself, and your speech function is seriously impaired. You can't communicate effectively. If there is a physical illness or a mental disorder, a diagnosis should be made.

Auxiliary test: X-ray examination of the skull or bone, CT, nuclear magnetic examination, determination of certain metabolism, enzymes and endocrine, isotope, EEG, ultrasound, and chromosome examination are helpful for diagnosis and differential diagnosis. . Especially for primary and mental retardation, pediatric intelligence test is of great significance, but it is extremely difficult for pediatric examination of severe mental retardation, which requires professional operation or evaluation.

Differential diagnosis

Mild mental retardation: Mental retardation is classified into four categories: mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe. The manifestations of mild mental retardation are: IQ is 50 to 70, which is not much different from normal children in preschool age and is not easy to be found. After entering school, the performance is difficult, the grades are not good, and some knowledge can be obtained after receiving special education. When you are an adult, you can eat your own food, and some can build a family. Lack of flexibility, predictability, and need help in special circumstances, otherwise it is nervous and uncomfortable to adapt to society. Responding to less serious mental factors, prone to reactive psychosis, schizophrenia. No obvious language barriers. This disease generally does not have physical deformities and nervous system dysfunction. 80% of mental retardation is this type.

Moderate mental retardation: Moderate mental retardation: Significant growth retardation in childhood, but most can learn to care for themselves to some extent and gain adequate communication and learning skills. Adults need varying degrees of support to live and work in society. The IQ is roughly 35 to 49 (adults with an age of 6 to 8 years old).

Extremely severe mental retardation: less common. Most have obvious congenital malformations at birth. Completely lack the ability to take care of themselves, take care of others for the rest of their lives, do not speak, do not walk, and cannot receive training.

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