Moderate mental retardation

Introduction Moderate mental retardation: Significant growth retardation in childhood, but most can learn to care for themselves to some extent and get enough communication and learning skills. Adults need varying degrees of support to live and work in society. The IQ is roughly 35 to 49 (adults with an age of 6 to 8 years old). Mental retardation refers to the performance of intelligence below the average level during development (within 18 years of age), that is, below the two average differences of -70, and there are social adaptive behavioral defects. Clinically, mental retardation is divided into four grades: mild ( IQ is 50 to 70), moderate ( IQ is 35 to 49), severe ( IQ is 20 to 34), and extremely severe ( IQ is less than 20). Moderate mental retardation has an IQ of 40-54, accounting for 10-20% of mental retardation. A considerable number of patients can identify some specific causes, such as birth injury, infection, and genetic diseases. Different causes can have different physical manifestations. Some patients are often accompanied by mental disorders, need medical departments to deal with them, and have the responsibility to provide advice to the education and civil affairs departments. There is no accurate figure for the prevalence of moderate mental retardation in China, which is about 2-3.

Cause

There are two main categories of causes, namely environmental factors (lack of education) and individual factors (brain diseases), and most patients with mental retardation are the result of the interaction of the above two factors. In addition to the basis of brain disease, moderate mental retardation, about half of them can find the cause of physical illness. Many studies have shown that normal intelligence is determined by multiple genes, and some abnormal genes can cause mental retardation through metabolic disorders and other pathologies. The psychosocial factors that cause mental retardation are: low socio-economic level, housing crowding, and unstable family environment. Physical factors include more widespread: such as genetic abnormalities, fetal damage, perinatal diseases, and postnatal diseases, especially infections, poisoning, trauma, physical factors, and hypoxia, metabolism, and nutritional disorders that lead to mental retardation. s reason.

an examination

Related inspection

International standard intelligence test neurological examination

Diagnostic criteria for moderate mental retardation:

First, IQ 35 ~ 49;

Second, can master the language of daily life, but the vocabulary is poor;

Third, can not adapt to the study of ordinary schools, but can learn to take care of themselves and simple labor.

Auxiliary test: X-ray examination of the skull or bone, CT, nuclear magnetic examination, certain metabolism, determination of enzymes and endocrine, isotope, EEG, ultrasound, and chromosome examination are helpful for diagnosis and differential diagnosis. . Especially for primary and secondary mental retardation. The intelligence test method for children is of great significance. However, it requires professional operation. The IQ of those with moderate mental retardation is 40-54.

Differential diagnosis

(1) Mild mental retardation: the most common, but because of the low degree, it is often difficult to be identified. The body is generally free of abnormalities. Language development is delayed. Adapt to social ability is lower than normal, social interaction, practical skills, such as self-care, can engage in simple labor or technical operations, but learning ability, skills and creativity are worse than normal. The literacy, computer and abstract thinking skills are worse than those of the same age, showing learning difficulties. After special education, their intellectual level and social adaptability can be improved.

(2) Severe mental retardation: The social adaptability is obviously flawed, and all daily life needs to be taken care of by others, and there is no danger or defense. There are obvious obstacles in speech development, or you can only learn some simple words and cannot understand other people's words. The development of motor function is limited, and severe cases cannot sit, stand, and walk. Can not accept learning education. Often accompanied by epilepsy, congenital malformations.

(3) Extremely severe mental retardation: less common. Most have obvious congenital malformations at birth. Completely lack the ability to take care of themselves, take care of others for the rest of their lives, do not speak, do not walk, and cannot receive training.

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