Anti-double-stranded DNA antibody

Anti-double-stranded DNA antibody (anti-ds DNA) is one of the anti-DNA antibodies. The reaction site is located on the DNA deoxyribose phosphate framework. Anti-ds DNA mainly appears in the serum of patients with SLE, and has a pathogenic effect on tissue and organ damage in patients with SLE. In the blood circulation of SLE patients, the concentration of macromolecule DNA is significantly higher than that of normal people. DNA can also bind to the microvascular structures of various organs, including heparansulfate on the basement membrane of the glomerulus. Anti-dsDNA antibodies can interact with these cycles It reacts with DNA molecules in situ of the organ to form antigen-antibody complexes, activate inflammatory systems such as complement activation pathways, and cause tissue damage. It is also believed that the deposition of pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies in the kidney does not depend only on the binding of anti-DNA antibodies to DNA, but through non-DNA such as heparan sulfate, laminin, and cardiolipin on the basement membrane. Antigen cross-reactivity or electrostatic attraction is fixed to the kidneys and induces inflammatory responses. Some of the anti-DNA autoantibodies are pathogenic and some are not pathogenic. Pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies have the following characteristics: high affinity, binding to complement, binding to dsDNA, positive charge, multi-reactivity, and IgG class. Recent studies have found that anti-DNA antibodies can penetrate living lymphocytes, interfere with cell functions and cause apoptosis, and anti-dsDNA antibodies can also enter mesangial cells, cause glomerular cell proliferation, promote cell fusion and protein Urine formation. This may be another feature of pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies.

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