Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (Tuberculosis), commonly known as rickets, is a systemic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease can occur all year round, and young people aged 15 to 35 are the peak age of tuberculosis. The incubation period is 4-8 weeks. Respiratory transmission from person to person is the main mode of transmission of the disease. The source of infection is patients with tuberculosis who have been exposed to bacteria. Almost all tissues of the human body except hair can be infected with tuberculosis, such as intestinal tuberculosis, bone tuberculosis, and lymphatic tuberculosis. However, since tuberculosis is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract, the infection rate of tuberculosis is higher than that of other organs, occupying the first place in human body. There are no obvious symptoms in the early stage. After the development of the disease, there may be systemic symptoms such as fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, low fever, and local symptoms of diseased organs. After invading the human body, tuberculosis bacteria have the ability to spread to the whole body organs and have long-term latency in tissues. Tuberculosis often develops or recurs when the body's resistance is low. The pathology of tuberculosis is characterized by a mixed presence of tuberculosis nodules, exudation, infiltration, cheese necrosis, and cavity formation. There are 600 million people worldwide, one tenth of the global population, infected with tuberculosis. Most infected people have no symptoms, known as latent TB infection, but about 5-10% of them will develop active TB; without proper treatment, an active case can make an average of 10-15 people are newly infected, and the case's own mortality rate exceeds 50%. If the latent infection is accompanied by immunosuppression, such as AIDS, there is a 10% chance of the disease each year. In 2005, there were 8.8 million new tuberculosis cases and 1.6 million tuberculosis deaths worldwide. Most tuberculosis cases are in developing countries, of which Africa has the highest per capita incidence, at 28%; but more than half of the cases are in 6 Asian countries: India, China, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and the Philippines (the above is ranked by total number of cases ; If ranked by per capita incidence, it is Philippines, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, China). In sub-Saharan Africa and some developed countries, the number of people with tuberculosis is on the rise because many people's immune systems are damaged by drugs that suppress immunity, substance abuse or AIDS. Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that has a long history of endangering human health. The body buried as far as 6,000 years ago-the "mummy" unearthed in Egypt, has pathological changes in tuberculosis; the body buried in China 2100 years ago-the female body excavated from the Mawangdui Han tomb in Changsha, Hunan also found the upper left and left The hilum has calcified foci of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is one of the diseases with the highest prevalence and mortality in history. It was once known as the "white plague". In recent years, due to the neglect of tuberculosis in many countries, fiscal investment has been reduced, coupled with population growth, an increase in floating population, and the spread of HIV infection. The TB epidemic has slowed down, and some countries and regions have rebounded. Therefore, the World Health Organization declared the "Global TB Emergency" in 1993, and designated March 24 as "World Tuberculosis Day" every year.

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