Varicose veins

The retinal veins are crooked and flared, and they are purplish red, and they are often buried in edema or bleeding spots. If broken, it looks like a sausage. The arteries are narrow and no pulsations are seen when the eyeball is compressed. Early retina may still be edema, followed by gray-white cotton ooze exudation spots, if mixed with bleeding spots, can form a complex shape of fundus changes. The late optic disc showed a secondary atrophy, and the arteries and veins became thinner. Bleeding and exudates can be absorbed, leaving irregular pigmentation and sometimes new blood vessels around the optic disc and affected veins

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