Application of intraoperative fiber choledochoscope

1. Common bile duct stones, intrahepatic stones. 2. Extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, bile duct cancer. 3. Parasites, foreign bodies, and other findings in the biliary tract, such as benign tumors, polyps, stress ulcers, and granulomas. 4. The common bile duct wall is thickened and thickened more than 1cm; the bile is cloudy; the lower part of the common bile duct can touch the induration or the induration of the pancreas. 5. Obstructive jaundice, severe pancreatitis or gallstone pancreatitis. 6. Postoperative biliary syndrome; unexplained biliary bleeding; abnormal biliary pressure. 7. Biliary stricture and sclerosing cholangitis. 8. Intravenous cholangiography, percutaneous transhepatic choledochography, duodenoscope retrograde cholangiopancreatography and preoperative ultrasound showed abnormalities in the intrahepatic and external bile ducts. 9. Validate false positives, such as air bubbles, during intraoperative angiography.

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