Serum enzymatic changes

Introduction The enzyme is a special protein made from living cells and has a very high performance catalyst. The liver is the most abundant organ in the human body. Some enzymes escape from the liver when there is substantial damage to the liver, such as ALT. Some enzymes are left in the blood due to liver dysfunction, such as ALP. Some enzymes have reduced production during hepatocyte lesions, plus cholinesterase. Some enzymes increase in the presence of lesions, such as monoamine oxidase. Therefore, changes in the activity of serum enzymes help to reflect the pathological state of the liver and are one of the commonly used methods for liver function tests.

Cause

Causes of serum enzymology changes

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACMP) causes hypoxemia to cause hypoxia in the brain, heart, liver and other systems, which not only causes ECG-specific changes. When hepatocytes are damaged, the ALT leakage rate is 65 when hepatocytes are hyperavailable. % (AST is only 4%). Therefore, the sensitivity of ALT assay to reflect hepatocyte injury is higher than that of AST. The serum enzymology changes are also obvious.

an examination

Related inspection

Blood routine blood test

Examination of serum enzymology changes

Serum enzymology check:

1. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT): [normal reference value]: rate method (enzymatic method): 5-35 IU/L. Increased in acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholelithiasis, liver necrosis, liver cancer, cholangitis, cholecystitis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, myocarditis, polymyositis, alcohol, chemical poisons, drugs and other factors caused by liver damage.

2. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): [normal reference value]: rate method (enzymatic method): 10-36 IU/L. AST is more abundant in myocardial cells. When myocardial infarction, AST activity in serum increases, and it increases significantly within 6-12h after onset, peaks at 48h, and returns to normal in about 3-5 days. AST in serum can also be derived from liver cells, and various liver diseases can cause an increase in serum AST, sometimes up to 1200 U, and toxic hepatitis can be higher.

Myositis, pleurisy, nephritis and pneumonia

3. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): [normal reference value]: Rate method: 50-170 IU/L. ALP assays are often used as indicators of clinically assisted diagnosis of hepatobiliary and skeletal disorders. Increased can be seen in (1) hepatobiliary disease obstructive jaundice, acute or chronic jaundice hepatitis, liver cancer and so on. (2) Skeletal disease A high concentration of alkaline phosphatase contained in osteoblasts is released into the blood due to bone damage or disease, causing an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Such as fibrous osteitis, osteogenesis imperfecta, rickets, osteomalacia, bone metastases and fracture repair healing.

4. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): [normal reference value]: rate method: 55-135 U/L. Increased LDH is seen in hepatitis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary infarction, certain malignant tumors, leukemia, erythetic syndrome, shock, hemolytic anemia and other diseases. Lactate dehydrogenase activity in ascites caused by certain tumor metastases is often elevated. Commonly used for clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction, liver disease and some malignant tumors.

Differential diagnosis

Serum enzymology changes confusing symptoms

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning and acute cerebral hemorrhage can cause changes in serum enzymology.

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACMr) causes hypoxemia to cause hypoxia in the brain, heart, liver and other systems, which not only causes specific changes in ECG, but also changes in serum drunkenness.

Cerebral hemorrhage is a common and frequently-occurring disease in the clinic. There are many stress changes in the acute phase, such as increased serum gastrin, increased stressful blood glucose, and changes in serum enzymology.

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