Symptom >> Internal Medicine >> Gastroenterology

Loose stool

Introduction
Cause
Examine
Diagnosis

Introduction

Introduction Lean stool is a manifestation of diarrhea. Diarrhea is a common symptom. It means that the frequency of bowel movements is significantly higher than the frequency of usual habits. The faeces are thin and the water is increased. The daily defecation is more than 200g, or contains undigested food or pus and mucus. Diarrhea is often accompanied by symptoms such as urgency of bowel movements, anal discomfort, and incontinence.

Cause

Cause

Ordinary events such as eating, abdominal flatulence, and colonization of the colon can cause allergic reactions in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Certain medications or foods may trigger some people with colonic spasms. Sometimes intestinal fistula delays the discharge of feces, leading to constipation. Chocolate, dairy products or large amounts of ethanol are often the cause. Caffeine can cause many people to loosen, but it is more likely to affect patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Examine

an examination

Related inspection

test stool microscopy

(1) Determination of fecal fat: Fecal smear was stained with Sudan III. The observation of fat droplets under the microscope is the simplest qualitative test method. The content of fecal fat is more than 15%. The fat balance test is a chemical method for determining the daily fecal fat content with the most accurate results. The 131 iodine-triglyceride and 131 iodine-oleic acid absorption tests were simpler but less accurate than the equilibrium test. When the amount of fecal fat exceeds normal, the reaction fat is poorly absorbed, which may be caused by small intestinal mucosal lesions, excessive intestinal bacteria or insufficient pancreatic secretion.

(2) D-xylose absorption test: A positive person reflects malabsorption caused by jejunal disease or excessive intestinal bacteria. The xylose test was normal in diseases with only pancreatic exocrine or only involving the ileum.

(3) Vitamin B12 absorption test (Schilling test) In the case of ileal dysfunction or excessive resection, excessive intestinal bacteria and pernicious anemia, vitamin B12 urinary excretion is lower than normal.

(4) pancreatic function test: abnormal function indicates that intestinal malabsorption is caused by pancreatic disease. See the section on "Chronic Pancreatitis".

(5) Breath test: 114C-glycine breath test: 14Co2 exhaled by the lungs and 14CO2 excreted by the feces were significantly increased when the ileal dysfunction or excessive resection of the intestinal bacteria was too long. 2 Hydrogen breath test: In the diagnosis of lactose or other disaccharide malabsorption, the bacteria in the small intestine is too long, or the small intestine is too fast.

(2) Imaging diagnosis

1. X-ray examination X-ray barium meal, barium enema examination and abdominal plain film can show gastrointestinal lesions, motor function status, gallstone, pancreatic or lymph node calcification. Selective angiography and CT are particularly valuable for the diagnosis of digestive system tumors.

2. Endoscopy The ease of operation of the colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy and biopsy has an early diagnostic value for the corresponding intestinal segment of the cancer. Fiber colonoscopy and biopsy can observe and diagnose lesions in the whole colon and terminal ileum. The operation of enteroscopy is not easy, and the proximal lesions of the duodenum and jejunum can be observed and biopsy. ERCP is of great value when biliary and pancreatic lesions are suspected.

3. B-mode ultrasound scan is a non-invasive and non-radioactive examination method, which should be used preferentially.

4. Small intestinal mucosa biopsy for diffuse small intestinal mucosal lesions, such as tropical stomatitis diarrhea, celiac disease, Whipple disease, diffuse small intestinal lymphoma (alpha heavy chain disease), etc., can be absorbed into the small intestine biopsy tube by hand The small intestinal mucosa is pathologically examined to determine the diagnosis.

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

It is different from infectious diarrhea. Defecation checks for virus-free bacteria; it is different from colitis and does not cause intestinal inflammation.