Brain stem infarction

Introduction Brain stem infarction: vertebral basilar artery and its branches have atherosclerosis, or arterial embolism, spasm, inflammation leading to stenosis of the lumen, ischemia caused by circulatory disorders. Cerebral infarction is commonly known as stroke, and stroke, including thrombosis and cerebral embolism.

Cause

Most common in the pons. The main pathological change is brain softening. More common in middle-aged and elderly, often have a history of hypertension arteriosclerosis or a lack of basilar artery blood supply. The most common cause is arteriosclerosis, often accompanied by high blood pressure, abnormal blood lipids, and other causes of arteritis. Congenital artery stenosis, polycythemia vera, hypercoagulable state, Moyamoya disease, etc.

an examination

The incidence is more urgent, mainly manifested as hemiplegia or quadriplegia, swallowing and difficulty in pronunciation, high fever, disturbance of consciousness (coma, mutism, etc.). Due to different infarcts, different parts of the infarction are caused, showing various cross-cutting defects. , CT, the incidence is 24-48 hours after the infarction period can be seen low density lesions. Early examination can rule out cerebral hemorrhage, and MRI can clearly show early ischemic infarction and brain stem. Cerebellar infarction, sinus blood formation, DSA can show vascular stenosis, closure or vascular malformation.

Differential diagnosis

Bridge cerebral infarction: Ischemic blood circulation disorder of the vertebral-basal artery system is more common in the elderly, but the cerebral infarction has been relatively rare and the diagnosis is difficult. However, since the application of MRI in clinical practice, the diagnostic rate of cerebral infarction has increased significantly. It has been confirmed by many years of clinical reports that cerebral infarction is the most common infarct lesion in brain stem infarction.

Signs of brain stem damage: The brain stem contains not only most of the cranial nerve nucleus (except the olfactory nerve and optic nerve), but also the whole body sensation and the motor conduction beam pass through the brainstem. The respiratory circulatory center is also located here, while the brainstem reticular structure is involved. Maintain an important structure of awareness. Therefore, after brain stem injury, in addition to the local brain damage, the disturbance of consciousness and motor dysfunction are often more serious, and there may be failure of respiratory and circulatory function, which is life-threatening.

Brain stem lesions: The brain stem is composed of the medulla, pons, and midbrain. Diseases in any part (such as tumors, injuries, vascular abnormalities, etc.) are collectively referred to as brain stem lesions. Whether brain stem lesions can be cured or properly improved depends on the specific location of the patient's lesions, clinical symptoms, treatment effects, etc., and cannot be generalized.

The incidence is more urgent, mainly manifested as hemiplegia or quadriplegia, swallowing and difficulty in pronunciation, high fever, disturbance of consciousness (coma, mutism, etc.). Due to different infarcts, different parts of the infarction are caused, showing various cross-cutting defects.

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