Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is the main component of red blood cells. Each hemoglobin molecule is composed of 4 heme groups and globin, and each heme is composed of 4 pyrrole rings with an iron atom in the center of the ring. When the iron in hemoglobin is in a divalent state, it can reversibly bind with oxygen (oxygenated hemoglobin). If iron is oxidized to a trivalent state. Hemoglobin is transformed into methemoglobin and loses its ability to carry oxygen. There are four methods used to determine the hemoglobin content: ① colorimetric method. This is the most widely used method in clinical practice. It can be divided into two types: visual colorimetric and photoelectric colorimetric. The latter is further divided into cyanide methemoglobin method, alkaline hemoglobin method, and acidified hemoglobin according to different dilutions used And oxygenated hemoglobin method. A good diluent must be able to convert all the hemoglobin in the blood into a stable hemoglobin derivative so that the total amount of hemoglobin in the blood can be measured. The cyanide methemoglobin method basically has this advantage, it can make all hemoglobin except sulfide hemoglobin (rarely in normal human blood) into stable cyanide methemoglobin. Therefore, the results obtained by this method are accurate and repeatable. Therefore, the cyanmethemoglobin method has become the international standard method for determining hemoglobin. Hemoglobin visual colorimetry has poor accuracy and has been eliminated abroad. However, the law is simple and economical, and it is still used in some primary medical units. ② iron test method. ③ oxygen method. These two methods are complex and not suitable for routine use. ④ specific gravity method. The accuracy of this method is poor.

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