Horseshoe kidney

The horseshoe-shaped kidney is the most common type of fused kidney malformation. The lower poles of the two kidneys are caused by a substantial isthmus or fibrous isthmus crossing the midline. The disease was first discovered by Decarpi in an autopsy in 1521, Botallo (1564) was fully described and illustrated, and Morgagni (1820) reported the first patient with a horseshoe kidney with complications. The incidence of horseshoe-shaped kidneys is low, with one in approximately 400 newborns and mostly males. The incidence in the normal population is about 0.5%, the male to female ratio is 2: 1, and it is clinically different at all ages, but it is more common in children at autopsy. It is mainly because patients with horseshoe-shaped kidney are often combined with congenital abnormalities of other systems, some of which are prone to cause early death, and there is insufficient evidence of familial inheritance of horseshoe-shaped kidney.

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