Eye tumor

Ocular tumors are tumors that occur on the eyelids, the surface of the eyeballs, in the eyes and in the orbits. The incidence is low. Most are primary, and a few tumors secondary to other sites. The orbits are closely related to the sinuses and are directly adjacent to each other. Tumors in the sinuses can invade the orbits, and a small part has been transferred from tumors in other parts of the body to the eyes. Common malignant tumors of the eyelid are basal cell carcinoma and meibomian adenocarcinoma; benign tumors are keratosis and mole; common malignant tumors of the conjunctival cornea are squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma; Intraocular tumors are most common in infants and young children, followed by choroidal melanoma in adults. Benign orbital tumors include cavernous hemangiomas, dermoid cysts, and mixed lacrimal glands. Malignant tumors are common in rhabdomyosarcoma and lacrimal adenocarcinoma. Tumors that occur in the eyelid, conjunctiva, or cornea are superficial in location and easy to find, which facilitates early diagnosis and treatment. If the tumor in the eye occurs in the iris, it can be diagnosed early because it is easy to find. Tumors that occur behind the pupils, although not detectable early, have attracted attention due to visual impairment or visual field defects. Superficial orbital tumors often have raised bumps locally, while deep tumors appear as prominent eyeballs with visual impairment or diplopia, prompting patients to seek medical attention. External eye tumors are easy to diagnose. Intraocular tumors can be observed with ophthalmoscope. Superficial intraorbital tumors can be palpated. Deep intraorbital tumors and opaque intraocular tumors can be diagnosed by ultrasound scanning. CT scan or magnetic resonance examination can see tumor size, location, and adjacent tissue structure, which is helpful to judge the nature of the tumor. Taking a biopsy for a pathological examination can help confirm the diagnosis. Intraocular tumors should be treated with enucleation for complete radical cure. At present, local resection is used for small, forward tumors in the eye. If the intraorbital malignant tumor is large and invades the surrounding tissues more widely, if necessary, orbital excision is performed, and then supplemented with radiation and chemotherapy. Some tumors, such as basal cell carcinoma, lymphocytic tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma, are sensitive to radiation and can be treated directly with radiation after diagnosis. If the retinoblastoma is small, especially in children who have been removed from the other eye, radiation therapy, cryotherapy, and photocoagulation can also be used. Eyeball extraction may not be performed for the time being.

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