Acute gastric dilation

Acute dilatation of stomach refers to the high expansion of the stomach and upper duodenum caused by the retention of a large amount of gas, liquid or food in the stomach and duodenum. Rokitansky first described the autopsy results of a patient with acute gastric dilatation in 1842, and Fagge described the clinical characteristics and treatment of acute gastric dilatation in 1873. Since then, in-depth research on this disease has begun. When the stomach is dilated, the contents are retained in the stomach and duodenum and cannot be absorbed, so repeated vomiting often occurs, resulting in dehydration and electrolyte loss, acid-base imbalance, decreased blood volume, and peripheral circulation failure. The gastric wall is thickened due to excessive extension, thinning or inflammatory edema, or necrosis and perforation of the gastric wall due to blood flow disorders, causing peritonitis and shock. The transverse part of the duodenum is oppressed by the superior mesenteric artery, and a compression ulcer may occur. Acute gastric distension is usually a serious complication after abdominal surgery or certain chronic wasting diseases and long-term bedridden patients. Most domestic reports are caused by overeating.

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