Kidney stones

A solid mass formed in the kidney. Stones are mainly found in the gallbladder, bladder, and renal pelvis. They can also be found in the lumen of pancreatic ducts, salivary ducts, etc., which can cause luminal obstruction, affect the drainage of affected organs, and cause symptoms such as pain, bleeding, or infection. Stones are composed of inorganic salts or organic matter. There is usually a core in the stone, which is composed of exfoliated epithelial cells, bacterial clumps, parasite eggs or worm bodies, feces or foreign bodies, and inorganic salts or organic materials are deposited on top of the core. Due to the different organs involved, the components, shapes, textures, and effects on the body of the stone formation mechanism are different. The small stones in the renal pelvis and kidney can move with the body position. The larger stones have the same shape as the cavity in which they appear, and they can show a typical staghorn or coral shape. Sometimes stones can fill the entire pelvis and calyx and resemble a pyelogram. Lateral view, most of the kidney stones overlap the spine.

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