Periosteal response

In pathological situations, the osteoblastic activity of the inner periosteal layer increases the periosteal new bone produced. The periosteal response usually means that the bone is damaged or damaged. Histologically, osteoblasts in the inner periosteal layer can be seen to form new bone trabeculae. Periosteum is the component structure of bone, divided into endosteal and periosteum. The periosteum covers the surface of all bones except the articular surface, and consists of an outer fibrous layer, an inner cell-forming layer, and a transition layer therebetween. The fibrous layer contains large collagen fiber bundles, and some fibers (sharpey fibers) penetrate the outer ring bone plate to fix the periosteum on the bone surface; the cell formation layer mainly contains osteoblasts, blood vessels, and nerves. The stationary periosteum contains fewer cellular components, mainly mature fibrous tissue. When the periosteum is activated, cells in all layers can change to bone.

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