Forehead leukoplakia

Introduction The typical feature of plaque albinism is the frontal leukoplakia, 80% to 90% may be associated with frontal white hair, triangular or rhomboid, symmetrical, located in the center of the forehead or slightly to one side, and can be extended down to the base of the nose. The disease is a congenital leukoplakia without melanocytes, which is autosomal inherited and completely penetrative. The direct cause of the disease is the reduction or dissipation of melanocytes in the affected area. The mechanism of cellular and molecular levels leading to melanocyte damage. There are also many causes of the disease, such as autoimmune factors, genetic factors, microcirculatory disorders, endocrine factors, etc., may induce white spots, or make white spots worse.

Cause

(1) Causes of the disease

1. The disease is a congenital leukoplakia without melanocytes, which is autosomal inherited and completely penetrative. The direct cause of the disease is the reduction or dissipation of melanocytes in the affected area. The mechanism of cellular and molecular levels leading to melanocyte damage.

2, there are many causes of the disease, such as autoimmune factors, genetic factors, microcirculatory disorders, endocrine factors, etc., may induce white spots, or make white spots worse.

(two) pathogenesis

It is caused by the decreased function of c-kit (mast cell stem cell growth factor), which hinders the differentiation of melanocytes.

an examination

Related inspection

Skin color skin smear microscopy

After birth, the sputum leukoplakia appears in the anterior ankle, which is interlaced with black hair. The hair of the affected part is white, and the eyebrows and eyelashes can also be white. The size and shape of white spots generally do not change with age.

The typical feature of the disease is frontal leukoplakia, 80% to 90% may be associated with forehead white hair, triangular or diamond-shaped, symmetrical, located in the center of the forehead or slightly to one side, can be extended down to the base of the nose. It can also be seen that before the squat, the abdomen, the upper limbs can see asymmetrical white spots. Occasionally, there are white spots on the cheeks, and the hair at the skin lesions also becomes white. Very few patients have only white hair on the occipital area, and no skin leukoplakia, which may be a variant of mottle disease. Some patients have pigmentation spots on the back of their hands and feet. In the center of diffuse leukoplakia, island-like normal skin is visible, while pigmentation around the white spot is thicker. Others may be associated with unilateral iris pigmentation, fundus bleaching and macular dysplasia, strabismus and amblyopia. Some are accompanied by ataxia, deafness and mental retardation, and no self-consciousness.

According to the distribution of white spots that occur, diagnosis is not difficult.

Differential diagnosis

Should be identified with vitiligo. Vitiligo is an acquired disease with a late onset, and the damage is not as extensive as the disease, and the pigmentation of the white spot on the edge of the former is more obvious. If there is widening of the eyelid distance, eyelid dysplasia or deafness, Warardenburg syndrome should be considered.

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