Inversion

Introduction Foot varus is a developmental deformity that can be found at birth. Foot varus can occur in single or double feet. During development, due to the failure of the tendon and ligaments (posterior and deep) of the foot, it is not synchronized with the development of other tendon ligaments in the foot. The consequence is that these tendons and ligaments will pull the posterior medial aspect of the foot. Down, causing the foot to twist inward and downward. The bones of the foot are therefore in an abnormal position. The foot is varused, stiff, and cannot return to its normal position.

Cause

During development, due to the failure of the tendon and ligaments (posterior and deep) of the foot, it is not synchronized with the development of other tendon ligaments in the foot. The consequence is that these tendons and ligaments will pull the posterior medial aspect of the foot. Down, causing the foot to twist inward and downward. The bones of the foot are therefore in an abnormal position. The foot is varused, stiff, and cannot return to its normal position.

an examination

Related inspection

General camera to check the foot axis offset

1. After birth, there will be unilateral or bilateral deformities of the degree of the foot. The foot is ankle flexion, varus, adduction deformity.

2. When the child learns to walk, he walks on the forefoot or the lateral edge of the foot. As the age increases, the deformity gradually increases. In severe cases, the foot is walking on the back, and the sac and the sac appear at the weight.

3. X-ray film, the positive side of the affected foot: After birth, the ossification center of the talus, calcaneus, and tibia can be seen on the X-ray film. Sometimes the third cuneiform bone is visible, and all the tibia and phalanges have appeared. The ossification center will not appear until the age of 3 years.

4. Estimate malformations based on three lines:

(1) Measuring the heel angle on the positive slice, if less than 30°, indicating that the foot has no inversion;

(2) measuring the angle at which the longitudinal axis of the first metatarsal and the longitudinal axis of the talus intersect, normally 0°-20°;

(3) The X-ray lateral slice measures the angle formed by the longitudinal axis of the talus and the calcaneus, which is normally 35°-55°. If it is less than 30°, it indicates that the foot is drooping. If the heel angle is less than 15°, the angle formed by the intersection of the first metatarsal with the longitudinal axis of the talus is greater than 15°, indicating a subluxation from the scaphoid joint (Simon15° law).

Differential diagnosis

Diagnose based on:

1. After the baby is born, there is a deformity of one or both feet of the plantar flexion.

2. The anterior part of the foot is varus, the talus is flexed, the calcaneus is inversion, the Achilles tendon, and the fascia is contracted. The forefoot is widened, the heel is narrowed, and the arch is high. The lateral malleolus protrudes from the front, and the internal hemorrhoids are behind and not obvious.

3. When standing and walking, the outer edge of the ankle is loaded with weight. In severe cases, the outer edge of the foot is loaded with weight, and the weight-bearing area produces bursitis and sputum.

4. Unilateral malformation, walking limp, bilateral deformity, walking and swinging.

5. X-ray film: the talus intersects the longitudinal axis of the first metatarsal bone at an angle greater than 15°, and the angle between the humeral surface and the longitudinal axis of the talus is less than 30°.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.