Longitudinal fracture

Introduction Longitudinal fractures are the most common type of humeral fracture. Fractures of patella are fractures in which the humerus is locally swollen, painful, and the knee joint cannot be autonomously stretched, often with subcutaneous ecchymosis and knee skin abrasions. The fracture of the tibia is more common in young and middle-aged, caused by direct external force or indirect external force injury. Improper treatment can cause joint stiffness or traumatic arthritis. Seriously affect joint function.

Cause

(1) Causes of the disease

Both direct and indirect violence can cause a fracture of the tibia.

(two) pathogenesis

1. Direct violence Because the position of the humerus is superficial and at the forefront of the knee joint, it is highly vulnerable to direct violence, such as impact injuries and kick injuries. A tibiofibular fracture caused by direct violence sometimes combined with ipsilateral hip dislocation. The fractures are mostly comminuted, with less displacement and less damage to the extensor support. Therefore, the patient is still able to actively straighten the knee joint.

2. The indirect violence of the quadriceps suddenly violently contracts, exceeding the internal stress of the humerus, causing a fracture of the tibia. The fractures are mostly transverse, with obvious displacement, but rarely comminuted. The extensor support belt is severely damaged and cannot actively extend the knee joint.

an examination

Related inspection

CT examination of bones, joints and soft tissues for the limbs and joints of the extremities

Longitudinal fractures are the most common, accounting for 70%-80%. The fracture line often starts from the sacral scaly, passing through the posterior wall of the external auditory canal, the top of the middle ear, along the carotid artery, to the vicinity of the sinus or rupture of the mid-cranial fossa. Because the fracture line is more than the front or the outer side of the bone labyrinth, the inner ear is rarely injured. The skin and tympanic membrane of the external auditory canal are often torn and the structure of the middle ear is damaged. There are often ear bleeding, conductive sputum or mixed sputum, about 20% of facial paralysis occurs, more can gradually recover, or may involve the temporomandibular joint, about 20% of longitudinal fractures can occur simultaneously on both sides.

Differential diagnosis

Other types of humeral fractures:

1, transverse fractures are rare. About 20%, mostly caused by cranial compression injury. The fracture line often starts from the occipital foramen of the posterior cranial fossa, across the rock cone to the mid-cranial fossa, and some through the sublingual nerve hole and the tube hole of the rock (such as the jugular foramen), individual can pass through the inner ear canal and get lost to The fracture hole or the vicinity of the spine hole, so the fracture line can be lost through the inner ear canal or bone, and the inner wall of the drum, the vestibular window and the snail window can be placed, so the cochlea, the vestibule and the facial nerve often have the symptoms of the sun. Such as dry sputum, dizziness, autologous nystagmus, facial paralysis, etc., the incidence of facial paralysis is about 50%, and it is not easy to recover.

2, mixed fractures are less common, often due to multiple fractures of the skull, resulting in simultaneous radial and transverse fracture lines of the humerus, resulting in tympanic, labyrinth fractures, middle and inner ear symptoms. Each of the above types of tibiofibular fractures may be accompanied by meningeal injury, cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea, and watery water-like liquid from the external auditory canal. The blood may be mixed at the beginning, and the risk is greater in the first 1-2 days after the fracture, and the risk of continued coma is further increased. Big.

Longitudinal fractures are the most common, accounting for 70%-80%. The fracture line often starts from the sacral scaly, passing through the posterior wall of the external auditory canal, the top of the middle ear, along the carotid artery, to the vicinity of the sinus or rupture of the mid-cranial fossa. Because the fracture line is more than the front or the outer side of the bone labyrinth, the inner ear is rarely injured. The skin and tympanic membrane of the external auditory canal are often torn and the structure of the middle ear is damaged. There are often ear bleeding, conductive sputum or mixed sputum, about 20% of facial paralysis occurs, more can gradually recover, or may involve the temporomandibular joint, about 20% of longitudinal fractures can occur simultaneously on both sides.

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