Syncope

Introduction Syncope (also known as sputum) is a transient loss of consciousness caused by transient ischemia and hypoxia. Syncope is different from coma. The loss of consciousness in coma is longer and recovery is more difficult. The difference between syncope and shock is the early unconscious disorder in shock, and the signs of peripheral circulatory failure are more obvious and lasting. For patients with syncope, it should not be ignored, and should be treated in time. Syncope is a common clinical syndrome with a risk of disability and even death. It manifests as sudden muscle weakness, loss of postural muscle tone, and erection and loss of consciousness. There is a certain incidence of syncope, even in normal people.

Cause

The ability of the brain to store sugar is poor, and it is necessary to continuously transport sugar and energy substances through the blood. If the blood sugar is lower than 2.8mmol/L, there will be a series of symptoms of low sugar such as dizziness, fatigue, hunger, cold sweat, delirium, and even syncope. This type of syncope occurs slowly and recovers slowly. It can be seen in islet cell tumors, adrenal and pituitary diseases, insulin or hypoglycemic drug overdose, and may be associated with islet cell tumors. Blood sugar is low at the time of onset. Injection of glucose can stop the attack.

Anemia: Red blood cells carry oxygen for the brain. When anemia occurs, the number of red blood cells in the blood decreases, the blood oxygen concentration decreases, and the brain is in anoxic state. When suddenly standing or exerting force, the brain's oxygen demand increases, causing further hypoxia and syncope.

Hyperventilation: more common in patients with anxiety neurosis, characterized by long-term but not showing anxiety, often experience a feeling of hunger for air, want to breathe deeply, lead to excessive breathing, excessive CO2 excretion, blood CO2 content and acidity decline, causing Peripheral blood vessels dilate, blood flow to the heart is reduced, cerebral blood flow is reduced, and hypocapnia can also cause cerebral vasoconstriction and increased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, reducing oxygen supply to the brain, leading to syncope.

an examination

Related inspection

Serum phenylalanine plasma osmotic pressure (POP)

Auxiliary examination of ECG and cardiac B-ultrasound for cardiogenic syncope. Head CT, cerebral angiography, cerebrospinal fluid examination, cervical X-ray film and carotid artery and vertebral artery B-ultrasound are suitable for brain-borne syncope. More normal EEG.

Differential diagnosis

It is not difficult to identify symptoms such as syncope and dizziness and falls. However, epilepsy and syncope have a transient loss of consciousness, which is sometimes confusing in the clinic. For a long time, patients can be identified by using EEG on epileptic discharge or sharp wave or spine-slow wave. If the EEG is abnormal, the diagnosis is difficult, and sometimes the witness's description is important.

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