Foliar depigmentation

Introduction It is more common in tuberous sclerosis and is one of its clinical manifestations. It is an oval-shaped, strip-shaped, hypopigmented plaque. The disease is autosomal dominant, and sporadic cases are also common. Because this disease often invades multiple organs and tissues, and almost any organ or tissue can be involved, the clinical manifestations are complicated and diverse due to different lesions, but seizures, facial sebaceous adenomas and mental disorders are the most common. The patient may have only one of the three symptoms, and is also completely asymptomatic and found in the pathological examination.

Cause

The cause of leaf depigmentation:

The disease is autosomal dominant, and sporadic cases are also common. The gene is located at 9q34 or 16q13.3 and is a tumor suppressor gene. The gene products are Hamartin and tuberin, respectively, which regulate cell growth.

an examination

Related inspection

General photo inspection

Examination and diagnosis of leaf-shaped depigmentation:

1, skin changes: mainly for facial sebaceous adenoma.

2, nervous system symptoms and signs: manifested as epilepsy and mental decline.

3, eye changes: the most common is the papillary and retinal nodules.

Diagnosis: With three main subjects of sebaceous adenoma, mental retardation and epilepsy, the diagnosis can be confirmed. However, the three main signs in the clinic do not necessarily occur at the same time. Sebaceous adenomas are found in almost all patients; fundus lesions are often diagnosed as sebaceous adenomas, found during ophthalmology consultations.

Differential diagnosis

Symptoms of leafy discoloration confusing:

Umbilical skin skin blue-purple spots: In acute pancreatitis, the overflowing pancreatic juice contains a large amount of pancreatic enzymes that spread along the interstitial space, and can penetrate into the subcutaneous fat to dissolve the subcutaneous fat, causing capillary rupture and bleeding, and the blue-purple skin appears on the umbilical skin as Cullen. Sign. In addition to the umbilical and lateral abdominal wall skin purple spots, there may also be skin lesions of the limbs, purple spots, blisters, necrosis, skin damage is one of the signs of critical illness. The abdominal wall of acute pancreatitis is a part of systemic diseases. Symptoms and signs such as abdominal wall edema, tenderness, and skin color changes can be seen clinically.

Freckles: It is a simple light brown or brown skin spot, mostly on the face. The formation of freckles is mainly caused by excessive melanin production by melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis of the skin.

1. The small brown spots on the tip of the needle to the large grain of rice, because of its shape and color, such as bird eggs, it is called freckles.

2, freckles occur in the face, neck, arms and other sun parts, the face is scattered on the cheeks and nose.

3, the number of freckles is uncertain, and each does not blend with each other.

4 Generally, when you are young, there are more women than men, often accompanied by family history and no other symptoms. Freckles are skin lesions that occur on the face, are spotted, or sesame-like brown or light brown spots. The best part of the hair is the cheeks and the nose, or it can be spread to the entire face or even the neck, which is one of the most common reasons for the beauty of the face.

The edematous purple-red spot of the upper eyelid: the typical skin lesion of dermatomyositis, the edematous purple-red spot of the upper eyelid, spread to the periorbital, and gradually spread to the V-shaped area of the face, neck and upper chest. The elbow and elbow, especially the metacarpophalangeal joint and the metatarsophalangeal joint, appear purple-red papules with telangiectasia, hypopigmentation, overlying fine scales, called Gottron (Gordon) sign or Grottron papules.

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