Bromine rash

Introduction Bromide rash is a rash caused by the use of bromide. Bromides such as sodium bromide, potassium bromide, ammonium bromide, tribromide or tribromide tablets, and bromocaffein mixtures are commonly used in medicine. Bromidepoiso-ning in children is caused by overdose. Due to its slow excretion, accumulation of poisoning can also occur in long-term use in the treatment of diseases. Bromide is easy to pass through the placenta. If a large number of pregnant women can cause fetal or neonatal poisoning, their newborns may have bronchial rash. Sodium bromide, potassium bromide, ammonium bromide, all of which are white crystalline powders, tastes salty, and have been reported as a cause of multi-person poisoning caused by salt cooking.

Cause

Predisposing factors of bronchial rash

Poisoning is caused by excessive consumption and ingestion. Bromine, Br, with an atomic weight of 79.9, is a reddish-brown fuming liquid with a unique scent of suffocation. Soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene and carbon disulfide, volatile at room temperature. Industrial bromine is mainly used in the production of bromides, drugs, dyes, fumigants, fire eye inhibitors and other raw materials, as well as in the manufacture of chemical reagents, photographic materials and so on. Bromine is a substance that is highly irritating and corrosive to mucous membranes. The degree of tissue damage is generally greater than that of chlorine.

an examination

Related inspection

ECG dynamic electrocardiogram (Holter monitoring)

It is mainly a symptom of central nervous system depression, but it can cause excitement after inhibition. Acute poisoning of children caused by oral administration of large amounts of bromide, bromine and salty taste, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea, restlessness, fatigue, insomnia or lethargy, headache, dizziness, disturbance of consciousness, loss of orientation, etc. Then there are emotional abnormalities and excitement. In severe cases, there are mania, delusions, hallucinations, coma, or toxic psychosis. At the same time, there may be muscle and joint pain, tremor, ataxia, speech vagueness, visual disorder, drooping eyelids. Eyeball tremor, pupil diminution, enlargement or unequal, slow reflection of light, decreased body temperature and blood pressure, superficial breathing, arrhythmia, stupor and so on. Accumulative chronic poisoning In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms and depression, hallucinations, memory loss, dysesthesia, finger tremors, gait sputum, etc., acne-like rash can still occur. Mothers who take bromine before giving birth may have bronchial rash in their newborns. It also has toxic effects on the central nervous system and can also cause kidney and liver damage.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of symptoms that are easily confused by bromine:

It should be differentiated from other acute poisoning caused by irritating and neurotoxic gases. Such as acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Acute phosphine poisoning. Acute methyl chloride poisoning. Acute methyl iodide poisoning, etc.

Carbon monoxide poisoning: Carbon monoxide poisoning is a product in which the products containing incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials are inhaled by the respiratory tract to cause poisoning. The mechanism of poisoning is that the affinity of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin is 200-300 times higher than that of oxygen and hemoglobin. Therefore, carbon monoxide is easily combined with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which causes hemoglobin to lose its ability to carry oxygen and cause tissue asphyxia. It has toxic effects on whole body tissue cells, especially on the cerebral cortex. When people realize that carbon monoxide poisoning has occurred, it is often too late. Because the cerebral cortex that controls the movement of the human body is the first to suffer from paralysis, it is impossible to achieve a purposeful voluntary movement. The hands and feet are not listening. Therefore, carbon monoxide poisoning people are often unable to carry out effective self-help.

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