Pendulous heart

Introduction Endoscopic bronchioles (breathing bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli) have reduced airway elasticity, excessive expansion, inflation, and increased lung volume or pathological conditions associated with airway wall destruction. According to the cause of the disease, emphysema has the following types: senile emphysema, compensatory emphysema, interstitial emphysema, focal emphysema, paraventricular emphysema, obstructive pulmonary qi swollen. The patient's signs, the heart is drape. When inhaling, the bronchioles dilate and the air enters the alveoli; when exhaling, the lumen shrinks, the air stays, and the alveolar pressure increases, causing the alveoli to expand or rupture excessively.

Cause

The pathogenesis of obstructive emphysema is not fully understood. It is generally thought to be associated with bronchial obstruction and protease-antiprotease imbalance. Smoking, infection, and air pollution cause bronchiolitis, narrowing or obstruction of the lumen. When inhaling, the bronchioles dilate and the air enters the alveoli; when exhaling, the lumen shrinks, the air stays, and the alveolar pressure increases, causing the alveoli to expand or rupture excessively. Loss of radial traction around the bronchioles causes the bronchioles to contract, causing the lumen to narrow. Pulmonary intima thickening, decreased blood supply to the alveolar wall, weakened alveolar elasticity, etc., contribute to the expansion of the alveolar rupture. In the case of infection, etc., the activity of protease in the body is increased, and the activity of the anti-protease system in normal humans is correspondingly increased to protect the lung tissue from damage.

an examination

Related inspection

ECG blood test

Examination of the drape type heart:

First, X-ray examination: thoracic expansion, rib clearance widened, ribs parallel, activity weakened, sputum reduced and flattened, the transparency of the two lung fields increased.

Second, ECG examination: generally no abnormalities, sometimes can be low voltage.

Third, respiratory function check: It is important to diagnose obstructive emphysema.

Fourth, blood gas analysis: If there is obvious hypoxic carbon dioxide retention, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) decreases, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) increases, and decompensated respiratory acidosis can occur, and the pH value decreases. .

Fifth, blood and sputum examination: generally no abnormalities, secondary infections like acute episodes of acute episodes.

Differential diagnosis

Suspended heart confusing symptoms:

Attention should be paid to the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis, lung cancer and occupational lung disease. In addition, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and obstructive emphysema are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and both chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma can be complicated by obstructive emphysema. But the three have connections and differences, and they are not equivalent. Chronic bronchitis in the premalignant emphysema is mainly limited to the bronchial, may have obstructive ventilatory disorders, but to a lesser extent, the diffuse function is generally normal. The bronchial asthma manifested as obstructive ventilatory disorder and hyperinflation of the lungs, and the gas distribution may be severely uneven. However, the above changes are more reversible and better respond to inhaled bronchodilators.

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