Low androgen

Introduction Androgen (xiongxingjisu) is also known as "male hormone". A hormone that promotes maturity and secondary sexual characteristics in males and maintains normal sexual desire and reproductive function. The testosterone (testosterone) secreted by the testes is mainly used. In addition, the adrenal cortex and ovaries can secrete a small amount of androgen. Is a steroid hormone. If the secretion of androgen is too small, it will not only affect the growth and development of the human body, but also have low sexual function, and there will be female characteristics without male male wind.

Cause

Induced cause of too little androgen

Many diseases of the endocrine system can damage the function of the testes, and the result is hypogonadism. Androgen is regulated by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. There are interrelated and mutually restrictive complex relationships between hypothalamus, pituitary gland and gonadal hormone. They are involved in the control and regulation of reproductive activities, called hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Although endocrine is produced by various endocrine glands, it is also dominated by the brain's nerve center.

Physiological effects of androgen:

1. The effect on male fetus: The physiological role of androgen in the fetus period, testosterone in androgen can promote the differentiation of gonadal structure, male genitalia and external genitalia are formed under its action. Conversely, if the fetal body lacks testosterone or the amount of testosterone is insufficient, the fetus's sexual organs may be malformed or underdeveloped, such as cryptorchidism.

2. Development of influential physiology: The development of sexual physiology includes the development of first sexual characteristics (such as the development of sexual reproductive organs) and secondary sexual characteristics (such as the development of body shape). The role of androgen in promoting the development of first sexual characteristics promotes the enlargement of testicles and the thickening of the penis; the role of secondary sexual characteristics promotes the appearance of body hair, changes in sound, and prominent laryngeal nodes. If there are no androgens or too little androgen secretion, the development of sexual organs and the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics will be delayed, and even the body will be abnormal.

3. Provide a suitable environment for sperm survival: the conditions for sperm survival are harsh. If a higher concentration of body fluid is required, it is difficult for general body fluids to meet this condition. However, the concentration of testosterone in androgens is many times higher than that of normal body fluids, thus creating a good living condition for sperm.

4. Maintain normal sexual function: Androgen stimulates sexual desire and sexual excitement by affecting the sexual nerve center and stimulating the reproductive organs. If there are no or too few male hormones, people's sexual desire will decrease, and it will easily lead to sexual dysfunction such as impotence.

5. Promote the health of the body: Androgen can accelerate the synthesis of protein, protein is required for human growth, so that the body's muscles are more developed and the body is more robust; androgen can also improve the hematopoietic function of the male body's bones, making bone marrow production More red blood cells.

an examination

Related inspection

Sex hormone binding protein

Androgen too few tests

(1) can not stimulate the growth, development and maturity of male accessory organs such as epididymis, prostate, penis, scrotum;

(2) can not stimulate and maintain male secondary sexual characteristics, such as thick bones, muscle development, low voice, thick throat, long beard, etc.;

(3) can not promote protein synthesis, so that urine nitrogen is reduced, showing a positive nitrogen balance;

(4) Reduce sex. Because male hormones and estrogens can transform each other, males also contain a small amount of estrogen.

Testosterone derivatives can be used in a variety of diseases caused by male hormone secretion, and malnutrition, hypoproteinemia, adrenal insufficiency, aplastic anemia, developmental delay, osteoporosis and functional uterine bleeding Treatment, and can be used for gynecological tumors such as advanced breast cancer to offset the promotion of estrogen on cancer tissue growth.

Differential diagnosis

Symptoms of too much androgen confusing:

Levantine Syndrome: In 1974, Wilson's study of 11 patients in a family found that the average plasma testosterone and LH levels were elevated and the testosterone production rate was also increased. Clinical appearance: no uterus and fallopian tubes, epididymis and vas deferens hypoplasia. By the time of puberty, pubic hair, mane and man's breast development, small testicles, no sperm.

Testicular feminization syndrome: The patient has testicular but the phenotype of the body and external genitalia is female, so it is called testicular feminization syndrome. The karyotype is 46XY, and the HY antigen is positive. There are well-developed interstitial cells in the testis, and the androgen secreted can reach normal levels, but there is no male reproductive duct, the external genitalia is female, and there is a female body. Intrinsic can be divided into two types: complete type and incomplete type: complete type of patient is female body, female external genitalia, blind end vagina, adolescent breast development, normal testicular size, often located in the inguinal canal, but no spermatogenesis; incomplete type The patient's feminization is incomplete, the clitoris is hypertrophy, the labia is partially fused, and there are some masculine manifestations, but it is still female, and the breast puberty also develops to a certain extent.

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