Abdominal deformity

Introduction The funnel chest is a congenital and often familial disease. Men are more common than women, and there are reports that the ratio of male to female is 4:1, which is a companion dominant inheritance. The incidence of funnel chest with a family history was 2.5 , and the incidence of funnel chest was only 1.0 without family history. The cause of the funnel chest is unknown and is believed to be related to heredity. The funnel chest is a progressive lesion that may have existed at birth, but it is often noticed by parents for months or even years. The appearance is characterized by a chest depression, a shoulder extension, a slightly hunched back and a prominent upper abdomen.

Cause

Causes of thoracic and abdominal malformations

The sternum (especially the root of the xiphoid) and its corresponding 3rd to 6th costal cartilage are inwardly trapped, causing the front chest wall to resemble a funnel, the heart is displaced by pressure, and the lung is also restricted by thoracic deformity, affecting Cardiopulmonary function of the child Some people think that this deformity is due to the uncoordinated growth of the ribs. The lower part is smaller than the upper part and the sternum is extruded backwards. It is also thought that the anterior iliac muscle fibers are attached to the lower end of the sternum and the xiphoid. When the sternum and xiphoid are pulled back in a short time.

an examination

Related inspection

X-ray examination of mammography

Examination of thoracic and abdominal deformities

X-ray examination of the heart and electrocardiogram: often the heart shifts to the left and rotates in a timely manner.

X-ray chest radiograph shows that the lower sternum is recessed backward, and the distance between the spine is shortened.

The CT image depression is more precise and clear. The funnel chest is very easy to diagnose clinically, and the deformity is clear at a glance. However, it is difficult to determine the severity of the funnel chest. There are many clinically described methods.

X-ray examination can see that the back of the rib is straight, the front part is tilted down forward and downward, and the heart shadow is displaced to the left chest. The middle of the heart has a distinct radiolucent area, and the right heart often overlaps the spine. Individual severe patients' heart shadows can be completely located in the left thoracic cavity, and older patients have more scoliosis in the spine. The lateral chest radiograph can be seen that the sternum is obviously bent backwards, and some of the lower sternum can reach the leading edge of the spine.

Back front photo: transparent area in the heart of the funnel chest.

Chest CT films can more clearly show the severity of thoracic deformity and the degree of cardiac compression.

The electrocardiogram can be expressed as a P wave inversion of V1 or bidirectional. There can also be right bundle branch block, and cardiac catheterization can be traced to the diastolic slope and platform, as seen with constrictive pericarditis. Cardiovascular angiography showed a right heart compression deformity and a blocked right ventricular outflow tract.

Differential diagnosis

diagnosis:

It is very easy to diagnose in the clinic, and the malformation is clear at a glance, without identification.

It differs from another common thoracic deformity, the chicken breast, in that the breast is a wedge-shaped bulge on the chest wall, which is named after the sternum of a bird.

The funnel chest is a concave deformity of the chest wall, shaped like a funnel.

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