Mixed blood in the atrium

Introduction A mixed blood is formed in the atrium, that is, a single atrium. Single atrial is a rare congenital heart disease caused by the absence of the first and second compartments of the interventricular septum during embryonic development. The traces of the room are also not present, and the compartment is complete, so it is also called the two-chamber three-chamber heart or the single-atrial three-chamber heart. Single atrium can exist alone, but often combined with the left superior vena cava and right heart, left heart or abdominal visceral transposition malformation, especially the anterior mitral lobes, and even the atrioventricular tube malformation.

Cause

The arterial and venous blood from the vena cava and pulmonary veins are mixed in a single atrium. Because the right ventricular filling resistance is small, most of the blood enters the left ventricle, and the pulmonary veins return to the blood flow in the atria. Only part of the blood flows into the left ventricle through the mitral valve. The body circulation, so the clinical appearance of purpura. The oxygen saturation is almost the same on both sides of the atrium, in the ventricles, in the aorta, and in the pulmonary arteries. Ectopic drainage of the single atrium with vena cava is more common, such as the left superior vena cava into the left side of the coronary sinus or the common atrium, followed by the inferior vena cava through the azygous or semi-singular vein drainage and the hepatic vein directly into the right atrium. Form a mixed blood in the atria.

an examination

Related inspection

Dynamic electrocardiogram (Holter monitoring) ECG

Symptoms and signs of mixed blood formation in the atria are similar to large atrial septal defects and atrioventricular tube malformations. Frequent crying when you are crying, purple. Early heart failure, gradual appearance of purpura and clubbing, toe, jet murmur in the pulmonary valve area, second division into the fixed division, apical mitral dysfunction of mitral regurgitation.

Differential diagnosis

Single atrial should be differentiated from ventricular septal defect, complete pulmonary venous return, complete aortic dislocation, tricuspid atresia, and complete atrioventricular canal malformation.

Single atrial clinical symptoms and signs are similar to large atrial septal defect or atrioventricular tube malformation, but the symptoms appear early and heavy, with purpura but increased pulmonary blood flow, a large number of left to right shunt at atrial level but no evidence of significant pulmonary hypertension. .

Symptoms and signs are similar to large atrial septal defects and atrioventricular tube malformations. Frequent crying when you are crying, purple. Early heart failure, gradual appearance of purpura and clubbing, toe, jet murmur in the pulmonary valve area, second division into the fixed division, apical mitral dysfunction of mitral regurgitation.

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