Cardiac tamponade

Introduction Pericardial tamponade, venous blood can not be refluxed, can appear hepatomegaly, ascites, lower extremity edema and other symptoms of blood stasis, of course, the heart bleeding is also reduced, blood pressure is reduced, blood supply is incomplete. When there is excessive fluid accumulation or accumulation of blood in the pericardium, the heart's relaxation is affected, resulting in a fatal heart stroke output that drops sharply and causes the heart to stop. The predisposing factors are pericardial hemorrhage caused by chest trauma and pericardial effusion of cancer patients. Patients in the anterior region of the heart swelled pain, difficulty breathing, irritability, oliguria to no urine, pale, pulse fast, sometimes sputum and strange veins; blood pressure decreased or not measured, but venous pressure increased, more than 1.47kPa (15cmH2O).

Cause

Causes: chest trauma leads to pericardial hemorrhage, cancer patients with pericardial effusion.

Pathogenesis: When there is excessive fluid accumulation or accumulation of blood in the pericardium, which affects the relaxation of the heart, the fatal heart stroke output drops sharply and causes the heart to stop.

an examination

Related inspection

ECG chest MRI chest B super chest CT examination

Clinical manifestations and signs:

The patient complained of bloating pain, difficulty breathing, irritability, oliguria to urination, paleness, weak pulse, sometimes sputum and strange veins; blood pressure decreased or could not be measured, but venous pressure increased, exceeding 1.47 kPa (15cmH2O).

Acute pericardial tamponade is often critical, and can be used for pericardial puncture decompression to relieve symptoms, while transfusion and rehydration, to fight for thoracic rescue time.

Differential diagnosis

diagnosis

In patients with closed chest injury, where appears:

(1) elevated venous pressure;

(2) The heart beats weakly and the heart sounds far away;

(3) Arterial pressure is reduced. Suspected of pericardial tamponade, can be pericardial puncture under the left rib arch under the xiphoid process, such as pumping out blood, you can confirm the diagnosis. Two-dimensional echocardiography can also determine the diagnosis of pericardial hemorrhage.

It should be differentiated from pericardial tamponade, the heart is the power organ that maintains the blood circulation of the human body, and it guarantees the blood supply to all organs and tissues throughout the body. The pericardium is a cystic structure that wraps the heart and the roots of the heart and blood vessels. The pericardial cavity refers to the gap between the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium on the surface of the heart. A small amount of light yellow liquid in the normal pericardial cavity lubricates the surface of the heart. Traumatic heart rupture or pericardial vascular injury caused by blood accumulation in the pericardial cavity called blood pericardial or pericardial tamponade, which is the cause of rapid death of cardiac trauma.

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