Cardiac tamponade

Introduction The heart is the power organ that maintains the blood circulation of the human body. It protects the blood supply to all organs and tissues throughout the body. The pericardium is a cystic structure that wraps the heart and the roots of the heart and blood vessels. The pericardial cavity refers to the gap between the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium on the surface of the heart. A small amount of light yellow liquid in the normal pericardial cavity lubricates the surface of the heart. Traumatic heart rupture or pericardial vascular injury caused by blood accumulation in the pericardial cavity called blood pericardial or pericardial tamponade, which is the cause of rapid death of cardiac trauma.

Cause

A traumatic heart rupture or vascular injury in the pericardium causes blood accumulation in the pericardial cavity.

an examination

Related inspection

Electrocardiogram M-mode echocardiography (ME) Dynamic electrocardiogram (Holter monitoring)

M-mode ultrasound showed the ventricle activity curve of the pericardium. When the pericardial tamponade, the direction of the anterior wall of the right ventricle changed, and the diastolic phase showed a centripetal movement, that is, the posterior displacement.

Differential diagnosis

The diagnosis should be differentiated from the following symptoms:

Pericardial injury

More common in penetrating cardiac trauma, penetrating cardiac trauma is caused by a strong, high-speed, sharp foreign body penetrating the chest wall or into the heart, a small number of sternal or rib fracture fractures caused by violent displacement of the heart. Heart penetrating injuries have pericardial breaks, and sometimes there are many heart wounds, which are especially common in stab wounds and gunshot wounds.

2. Pericardial bleeding

Internal bleeding can occur in any part of the body, blood accumulation in the body cavity is called body cavity blood, such as abdominal blood, pericardial hemorrhage.

3. Pericardial tamponade

Pericardial tamponade, venous blood can not be refluxed, can appear hepatomegaly, ascites, lower extremity edema and other symptoms of blood stasis, of course, the heart bleeding is also reduced, blood pressure is reduced, blood supply is incomplete.

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