Skull enlargement

Introduction Due to the increase of intracranial pressure, the abnormal increase of the head is progressive, which is not proportional to the development of the whole body. The forehead protrudes forward, the dome is pressed downward, the double eyeball is down, the eyeball is turned downward, the upper part of the sclera is white, the anterior ankle is enlarged and the tension is increased, other sacs can be enlarged, the skull joint is separated, and the scalp vein is dilated. When the infant is not closed, the skull can be compensated for expansion when the intracranial pressure is increased. Head enlargement mainly refers to the abnormal increase of the head due to the increase of intracranial pressure. Any lesion that can cause an increase in the volume of the cranial cavity can cause an increase in intracranial pressure.

Cause

Head enlargement mainly refers to the abnormal increase of the head due to the increase of intracranial pressure. Any lesion that can cause an increase in the volume of the cranial cavity can cause an increase in intracranial pressure.

Common causes are:

1, intracranial space-occupying lesions

Intracranial tumors, hematoma abscess cysts, granuloma, etc., can occupy a certain volume in the cranial cavity, and can block the circulation pathway of cerebrospinal fluid, affecting its circulation and absorption. In addition, the above lesions can cause secondary cerebral edema, resulting in increased intracranial pressure.

2, intracranial infectious diseases

Various meningitis encephalitis and brain parasitic diseases can stimulate excessive secretion of cerebrospinal fluid in the choroid plexus, and can cause cerebrospinal fluid circulation obstruction (obstructive and traffic hydrocephalus) and malabsorption; various bacterial fungi, viruses, Parasite toxins can damage brain cells and cerebral blood vessels, causing cytotoxicity and vasogenic cerebral edema; inflammation, parasitic granuloma can also play a role in occupying a certain space in the cranial cavity.

3, brain injury

Can cause intracranial hematoma and edema.

4, cerebral hypoxia

Cerebral hypoxia caused by various causes such as asphyxia, anesthesia accident, CO poisoning, and certain systemic diseases such as pulmonary encephalopathy, epilepsy persistent severe anemia, etc., can cause cerebral hypoxia, further causing angiogenic and cytotoxicity Brain edema.

5, poisoning

Lead, tin, arsenic and other poisoning; some drug poisoning, such as tetracycline, vitamin A excess; self-poisoning such as uremia, hepatic encephalopathy, etc., can cause cerebral edema, promote choroid plexus secretion of cerebrospinal fluid, and can damage the blood vessels of the brain Automatic adjustment to form a high intracranial pressure.

6, endocrine dysfunction

Young women, obese people, especially menstrual disorders and pregnancy, prone to benign intracranial pressure may be associated with excessive estrogen and excessive cerebral edema caused by adrenocortical hormone secretion. Obese people may be related to the fact that some steroids are not soluble in adipose tissue and cause relative adrenocortical hormones.

an examination

Related inspection

EEG examination of cranial CT examination of cranial movement

When the skull is enlarged, it should be actively checked to understand the cause. First, you can test some routine items, such as blood routine, coagulation function, liver and kidney function, etc., you can check the content of trace elements in the body, and you need to pay attention to check the occurrence of head disease. The X-ray film of the skull can show an increase in the skull, an asymmetrical head surface, a thin skull, and a separation of the cranial suture. The head of the percussion is "breaking pot sound." According to the clinical typical symptoms such as the enlargement of the head of the infant, the general diagnosis is not difficult.

Differential diagnosis

1. Skull hyperplasia: Skull hyperplasia is characterized by increased skull and/or thickness, divided into diffuse and localized.

2, high intracranial pressure syndrome: high intracranial pressure syndrome is a common syndrome of neurology, refers to the pressure in the cranial cavity, that is, the intracerebral pressure is increased, the general intracranial pressure is commonly expressed in the subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Clinically, headache, vomiting and papilledema are the main features. Normal intracranial pressure refers to the pressure measured by the lumbar puncture of a normal person in a horizontal position: 0.78-1.76 kPa (80-180 mm H2O) for normal adults and 0.49-0.98 kPa (50-100 mm H2O) for children. If the pressure exceeds 1.96 kPa (200 mmH2O), it is generally considered that the intracranial pressure is increased.

3, humeral bulge: humeral bulge is a symptom of arachnoid cyst. Arachnoid cysts are a type of benign brain cyst. There are arachnoid wall and cerebrospinal fluid-like cyst fluid. The cyst is located on the surface of the brain and is closely related to the subarachnoid space, but does not invade the brain. Mostly single, a few multiple, often located in the brain and the cerebral cistern. Larger ones can simultaneously compress brain tissue and skull, which can produce neurological symptoms and changes in the skull.

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