Diabetic skin lesions

Introduction Skin lesions can occur in diabetic patients. The pathogenesis of diabetic skin lesions is a multi-factor pathological process dominated by microangiopathy, and hyperglycemia is but one of the obvious signs of various metabolic disorders. Symptoms that can occur include: 1, red face: Some people surveyed 150 patients with diabetes, most of them look red. 2, skin herpes: like a burnt blister, thin wall, containing a transparent slurry, no blushing around the blister, occurs on the back or bottom edge of the fingers, toes, hands and feet. Single or multiple appearances, self-healing within a few weeks, but can occur repeatedly. 3, neck folliculitis: the posterior neck occipital sputum-like inflammation, tenderness, if not treated in time, can develop into small scorpion or cellulitis. After the pus is removed, it can heal, but it often happens repeatedly.

Cause

The pathogenesis of diabetic skin lesions is a multi-factor pathological process dominated by microangiopathy, and hyperglycemia is but one of the obvious signs of various metabolic disorders. Discussed from the following two aspects:

(1) vascular disease

The pathogenesis of most diabetic skin diseases can be summarized as microvascular disease and tissue ischemia. Many scholars have studied the small blood vessels of the whole body, especially the small blood vessels of the retina and kidney. It shows that the severity of microvessels is not directly related to the degree of blood glucose elevation, the length of the disease and the clinical severity. This is considered to be a multi-factor. effect.

(2) Biochemical reaction

The biochemical changes in the skin surface play an important role in the skin's susceptibility to multiple infections. On the other hand, it has been observed that the number of bacteria on the skin of diabetic patients is not higher than that of normal people. On the contrary, some bacteria are also significantly reduced. Therefore, it is considered that the susceptible of bacterial infection in diabetic patients is mainly due to the imbalance of bacterial flora, rather than the increase of sugar in tissues. .

an examination

Related inspection

Physical examination of skin diseases

(1) Skin infections of diabetes:

1 Staphylococcus aureus infection: Diabetic patients cause more Staphylococcus aureus skin infection than non-diabetics. 20% of them are septic lesions.

2 dermatophyte infection: more common, especially those with severe neurovascular complications are susceptible to fungal infection.

3 Candida infection: uncontrolled diabetic patients with mouth, nail wrinkles, genital candida infections are more serious. Candida keratitis is a typical complication of diabetic children. Candida balanitis and vulvitis are the main symptoms of elderly diabetic patients.

(2) Diabetic skin disease: the most common skin damage for diabetes. Occurs in the front of the calf, starting with a round or oval dark red, flat papules, 1 cm in diameter or slightly smaller. Asymmetrical distribution, in an evacuated or aggregated distribution. The disease can also occur elsewhere, with slow progress, and finally left small, pigmented depressed scars, often accompanied by diabetic microangiopathy. This disease is an important clue for the diagnosis of diabetes.

(3) Yellow skin: This is diabetic caroteneemia. More than half of diabetic patients have caroteneemia, while carotene calms the palmar and facial skin yellow, while the sclera does not yellow. Reduce the intake of carotene in food, and the pigment of the skin can slowly fade away.

(4) Diabetic bullae: characteristic, but rare. Without any aura, the blisters suddenly appeared at the ends of the extremities, with the most feet and toes. Blisters range in diameter from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. The wall is thin, transparent and contains a clear liquid. Usually 3 to 6 weeks of healing, no scars, rarely recurrence.

Differential diagnosis

Cyan red complexion: Cyanine may be caused by fish caused by histamine poisoning. Since animals such as shrimp, crab, and squid die, the protein in the body rapidly decomposes, producing a large amount of histamine. Eating these aquatic products will increase the histamine content in the human blood. If you eat improperly or allergic to the face or even the skin color, it will appear blue-red, discomfort, and sometimes accompanied by headache and itching.

Whole body skin congestion: Whole body skin congestion refers to the expansion of the cutaneous capillaries of the whole body. The dilated blood vessels are mostly small veins or small arteries, and red silky, reticular or stellate lesions appear on the skin. Make the whole body skin congestion, redness and swelling.

Crimson papules: Kaposi's sarcoma skin lesions are red, purple, light blue, black, red papules or plaques, gradually enlarged into large plaques, nodules, nodules as hard as rubber.

Red complexion: The skin color of a person is determined by congenital factors such as race and heredity, and is closely related to the distribution of capillaries, the amount of pigment, and the thickness of subcutaneous fat. The normal person's skin color should be rosy and shiny. However, the blood circulation is not good, or there are problems in the heart, liver and intestines. Improper diet can make people's skin redness.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.