Premature rupture of membranes

Introduction The rupture of the membrane before labor, known as premature rupture of membranes. The incidence rate varies from report to report, accounting for 2.7% to 17% of the total number of births. It occurs in premature births about 2.5 to 3 times the full-term production. Its adverse effects on pregnancy and childbirth are increased preterm birth rate, increased perinatal mortality, intrauterine infection rate and puerperal infection rate. The first exposed part of the fetus is not well connected to the entrance of the pelvis, and the membrane is poorly developed. Pregnant women lack trace elements of copper and zinc.

Cause

Trauma, relaxation of the internal cervix, mechanical stimulation during the late pregnancy, or causing fetal membrane inflammation, lower genital tract infection, can be caused by bacteria, viruses or toxoplasma, increased pressure in the amniotic cavity (such as multiple pregnancy, polyhydramnios) The fetal first exposed part and the pelvic entrance are not well connected (such as the head basin is not called, the fetal position is abnormal, etc.), and the membrane is poorly developed to the fragile and weak.

an examination

Related inspection

Obstetric B-ultrasound crystallization examination amniocentesis

1. Vaginal pH test: usually the pH value of vaginal fluid is 4.5-5.5, the pH value of amniotic fluid is 7.0-7.5, and the urine is 5.5-6.5. Tested with nitrazine paper, the vaginal fluid is alkaline, and the pH value is 7.0, which is regarded as positive, and it is inclined to amniotic fluid, and the possibility of premature rupture of membranes is extremely high.

2. Vaginal smear examination: The test liquid-dried tablets were examined for the appearance of amniotic crystals as amniotic fluid. The smear was stained with 0.5 methylene blue to show light yellow or non-colored fetal skin epithelium and bristles; the orange fat granules were stained with Sudan III, and the yellow fetal epithelial cells were stained with 0.5% Nile Blue sulfate. The pH value is reliable and can be determined as amniotic fluid.

3. Amniocentesis: You can directly look at the exposed part of the fetus, can not see the anterior amniotic sac, you can diagnose the premature rupture of the membrane.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes:

Membrane rupture: rupture of the membrane is one of the important causes of premature birth and neonatal complications. The fetus is often sent to the NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) for monitoring. Misdiagnosis of PROM can lead to obstetrics not being able to take early measures, and can lead to infections, early childbirth, fetal distress, umbilical cord drooping and placental flaking.

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