Nerve injury

Introduction Neurological injuries include cerebral trauma, cerebral vascular sclerosis (cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis) sequelae, encephalitis and meningitis sequelae, demyelinating diseases and other sequelae of cerebrovascular disease. Specifically include: (1) olfactory nerve injury often has ethmoid fracture or frontal brain contusion, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage, partial or bilateral olfactory partial or complete loss. (2) Optic nerve injury is often accompanied by anterior and middle cranial fossa fractures involving the tip of the eye and the optic canal. After the patient is injured, vision loss or even blindness occurs, direct light reflection disappears, and indirect light reflection is normal. If the intersection is damaged, the vision of both eyes is impaired and the visual field is defective.

Cause

Caused by trauma, surgery or disease.

an examination

Related inspection

EMG F-wave limb elevation test

(1) X-ray skull, skull base tomography, CT scan to infer brain nerve injury through the fracture line;

(2) MRI skull base thin layer scanning can even see swelling, bleeding and fracture of nerve roots;

(3) Electrophysiological examination of evoked potentials can detect optic nerve and auditory nerve injury;

(4) Electromyography can measure facial nerve damage and determine prognosis.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of nerve injury:

(1) Olfactory nerve injury often has ethmoid fracture or frontal brain contusion, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage, partial or bilateral olfactory partial or complete loss.

(2) Optic nerve injury is often accompanied by anterior and middle cranial fossa fractures involving the tip of the eye and the optic canal. After the patient is injured, vision loss or even blindness occurs, direct light reflection disappears, and indirect light reflection is normal. If the intersection is damaged, the vision of both eyes is impaired and the visual field is defective.

(3) Eye movement, trochle, abduction and trigeminal nerve eye injury often have sphenoid winglet, humeral rock and maxillofacial fractures. In patients with oculomotor nerve injury, diplopia, ptosis, pupil dilation, loss of light reflex, and the outer side of the eyeball are outward; the trochlear nerve injury can be seen when the gaze is downward; the abductor nerve injury can cause the abductor of the damaged side. Restricted, intraocular oblique; trigeminal nerve damage can be seen disappeared corneal reflex, facial sensory disturbance, chewing weakness, occasional trigeminal neuralgia.

(4) Facial and auditory nerve injuries often have fractures of the humerus and the orthodontic fractures. Facial spasms, 2/3 loss of taste in front of the tongue, keratitis, tinnitus, dizziness, and neurological deafness occur at different times after injury.

(5) Tongue, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal nerve injuries rarely occur. There are often occipital fractures. It is difficult to swallow, pharyngeal reflex disappears, 1/3 of the tongue is lost, hoarseness, shoulder sag, atrophy of the injured tongue, and the tongue is affected.

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