Triangular head deformity

Introduction The forehead is closed, the forehead becomes smaller, and the posterior part of the skull grows excessively, which is called a triangular head deformity. Triangular head deformity is a facial symptom of pediatric craniofacial deformity syndrome.

Cause

(1) Causes of the disease

The cause of this disease is unknown.

(two) pathogenesis

Craniofacial malformation syndrome may be autosomal recessive, associated with the use of certain teratogenic substances or viral infections during pregnancy, or for the development of the frontal lobe of the fetus at 5 to 7 weeks.

an examination

Related inspection

Maxillofacial examination chromosome

1. Head face malformation

At birth, there are scapular heads, triangular heads, short heads and other deformities. Some may have open sacral, sagittal and herringbone sulcus and brain hypoplasia, narrow face, olecranon, small jaw, small cracks. Auricular abnormalities, etc., it is also known as the bird face deformity syndrome.

2. Eye deformity

Characteristic lesions of the congenital cataract system are mostly bilateral and can spontaneously rupture and absorb. It can also be free of lens. Secondly, strabismus, nystagmus, small eyeball, small cornea, blue sclera, iris defect, macular degeneration, etc. may also occur.

3. Hair and skin abnormalities

Eyebrows, eyelashes, manes, pubic hairs, etc. are sparse and absent, and the pillows and foreheads are bald. It can cause sclerosing atrophic skin changes, often skin atrophy, rough, white spot disease, vitiligo and so on.

Differential diagnosis

Short head deformity: caused by premature ossification of bilateral coronal sutures. After the bilateral coronal sutures are closed, the anterior symmetry is flat, so it is also called flat head deformity or wide head deformity. About 14.3% of the patients have coronal suture ossification on both sides of the skull, resulting in anterior and posterior diameter development of the skull and compensatory transverse diameter widening. The cranial top is elevated, so the head is widened, the forehead wide flat cranial fossa is enlarged, the eyelid becomes shallow and the dysplasia is poor, and the eyeball is prominently like the "goldfish eye".

Oblique head deformity: also known as partial head deformity, is a unilateral dysplasia of the frontal bone caused by unilateral coronal ossification, accounting for about 4%. The bilateral growth of the skull was asymmetrical, and the frontal frontal bone was flattened and retracted. The lesion side affects the development of brain tissue, and the anterior iliac crest still exists, but it is biased to the healthy side. Premature closure of the epiphysis can be reached in the middle of the forehead. The asymmetry of the frontal bone affects the entire cranial sacral shape, the sagittal suture is biased to the disease side, and the frontal frontal bone and the parietal bone are excessively bulged. The ossification of the unilateral coronal suture can penetrate deep into the wing point and the skull base. Therefore, the oblique head deformity is almost always accompanied by facial asymmetry deformity, and it is aggravated with age. The distance between the eyes becomes smaller and the forehead becomes narrower. The auricle and the external auditory canal can also be asymmetrical, but not obvious, and the deformity of the ankle is more pronounced. Oblique head deformity combined with mental retardation, cleft palate, ocular fissure malformation, urinary system malformation and total forebrain malformation.

Oblique malformation is one of the symptoms of cranial stenosis. Cranial stenosis is the premature closure of one or more skull joints leading to head deformity, increased intracranial pressure, intelligent developmental disorders, and ocular symptoms. Clinically characterized by premature closure of single or multiple skull sutures.

Long head deformity: One of the manifestations of cranial stenosis is a scapular head deformity, also known as a long head deformity, which is caused by the early closure of the sagittal suture. It is the most common cranial malformation in craniosynostosis, accounting for 40% to 70%. %.

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