Open injury

Introduction Open injury, in contrast to closed injury, is the damage of the internal tissues (such as muscles, bones, etc.) of the injured area to the outside world, in short, the blood can flow out, or the muscle or bone leaks. Such as abrasions, lacerations, cuts, stab wounds, etc. Closed injuries are generally traumatic without blood, such as muscle strain. Open injuries are common in both normal and wartime situations. Because of the pollution of the wounds, if the treatment is not timely or improper, it is prone to infection, affecting healing and functional recovery. In severe cases, it may cause disability or even endanger the lives of the wounded.

Cause

The open injury caused by general violence can be divided into three areas. The first area is the direct contact area of the surface or the center, and there may be foreign matter retention and tissue necrosis. The second area is the surrounding area, and the damage of each layer of tissue can cause necrosis. If it is not removed, it is easy to cause infection. The third zone is the shock response of peripheral tissues. It has edema, exudation, vasospasm, and low cell viability. If there is no infection, it can return to normal. If infection occurs, the reaction will be aggravated. The wounds caused by firearm injuries can also be divided into three zones from the inside to the outside. The primary wounded areas are directly damaged, with inactivated tissues, foreign bodies, blood clots and exudation. Close to the outer circumference of the injured road is a contusion area, and tissue may be partially or completely necrotic. In addition to the shock zone, there may be changes in blood circulation disorders, edema, exudation, and blood stasis.

an examination

Related inspection

Chest B blood routine

The examination of open injury is based on the damaged part. It is generally necessary to first identify the vital signs and local bleeding and whether there is a fracture, and then rush to the hospital for follow-up examination, mainly to further check the B-ultrasound, X-ray film, blood routine, etc. to clarify the actual degree of damage.

Differential diagnosis

Joint capsule injury: Joint capsule injury is a local swelling, pain, ecchymosis, limited limb activity and other symptoms caused by external force, pressure, collision or inversion, weight bearing, and twisting.

Pericardial injury: more common in penetrating cardiac trauma, penetrating cardiac trauma is caused by a strong, high-speed, sharp foreign body penetrating the chest wall or into the heart, a small number of rupture of the sternum or rib fracture Puncture the heart. Heart penetrating injuries have pericardial breaks, and sometimes there are many heart wounds, which are especially common in stab wounds and gunshot wounds.

Pelvic injury: Pelvic injury can be caused by a variety of factors, and the mechanism of occurrence is also diverse. The common phenomenon is fracture, accompanied by severe pain. The scope of diagnosis mainly includes damage mechanism, fracture type, stability degree, image evaluation, combined damage and so on.

A diagnosis can be made based on the clinical manifestations of the injured area.

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