Severe pain

Introduction Pain is caused by intense stimulation that causes the pain nerves to be transmitted to the brain. Indicates that the pain is very deep. It is a kind of pain, the pain is painful and the pain is strong. Mechanical stimulation such as knife cutting and sticking, physicochemical factors such as electric current, high temperature and strong acid and alkali can become noxious stimuli. Bioactive substances such as potassium ions, serotonin, acetylcholine, bradykinin, histamine, etc., which are released into the extracellular fluid when the tissue cells are inflamed or damaged may also cause pain or hyperalgesia.

Cause

Pain is usually caused by noxious stimuli that cause tissue damage.

Mechanical stimulation such as knife cutting and sticking, physicochemical factors such as electric current, high temperature and strong acid and alkali can become noxious stimuli. Bioactive substances such as potassium ions, serotonin, acetylcholine, bradykinin, histamine, etc., which are released into the extracellular fluid when the tissue cells are inflamed or damaged may also cause pain or hyperalgesia. The presence of damaged local prostaglandins greatly enhances the pain-causing effects of these chemicals, while drugs that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, such as aspirin, have an analgesic effect.

The lowest degree of free nerve endings in the whole body skin and related tissues, as nociceptors, converts various forms of energy-induced noxious stimuli into a certain type of nerve impulse, along the slow-transferred diameter of the myelin and The finest unmyelinated afferent nerve fibers, which pass through the dorsal root ganglia to the posterior horn of the spinal cord or to the neurons in the nucleus of the trigeminal nucleus, and then pass through the contralateral ventrolateral collateral to the higher-level pain center. The thalamus, other brain regions, and the cerebral cortex cause painful feelings and reactions. At the same time, the non-pain information such as the contact and pressure transmitted by the relatively fast afferent afferent nerve fibers has reached the relevant brain regions of the central nervous system and interacts with the pain information transmitted by the fine fibers.

an examination

People can usually point out the location and extent of pain, but it is more difficult to accurately describe the nature of the pain. People usually describe it in a similar way, such as stinging, burning, jumping, dull or cramping. Pain can cause physical behavior such as escape, complaints, crying, screaming, etc. It can also be accompanied by physiological reactions such as elevated blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, and dilated pupils, but these are not specific to pain.

Pain is used as a sensory activity and can be measured with a pain meter. The lowest pain experience that the body can recognize is called the pain threshold, and its value varies with age, gender, occupation, and measurement site. As a subjective feeling of pain, there is no neurophysiological or neurochemical change. It can be regarded as a specific indication for the presence or absence of pain or especially chronic pain.

Differential diagnosis

The diagnosis should be differentiated from the following symptoms:

1, acute pain: soft tissue and joint acute pain, postoperative pain, obstetric pain, acute herpes zoster pain, gout.

2, chronic pain: soft tissue and joint strain or degenerative pain, discogenic pain, neurogenic pain.

3, intractable pain: trigeminal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, disc herniation, intractable headache.

4, cancer pain: advanced tumor pain, tumor metastasis.

5, special pain categories: thrombotic vasculitis, refractory angina, idiopathic chest and abdominal pain.

6, related diseases: early retinal vascular embolism, sudden deafness, vasospasm and so on.

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