Increased bone density

Introduction Increased bone density, also known as sclerosing bone disease, is a rare skeletal development disorder. The bone tissue is excessively calcified and lacks true ossification, which slows the resorption of the calcified cartilage matrix and the original trabecular bone. There is a lack of bone plate and osteoblasts in the bone, which loses its elasticity. The pediatric case was first reported in China in 1955. So far, there have been about 100 reports in China.

Cause

Due to dysfunction of osteoclasts, experiments with animal models and radioisotopes have confirmed that osteopetrosis is not associated with the secretion of parathyroid glands, and is not related to the amount of calcitonin in the blood. May be related to genetic factors. It is thought that due to the obvious deficiency or functional defects of normal osteoclasts, the main change is the excessive calcification of the bone-like tissue and the lack of true ossification, which slows the resorption of the calcified cartilage matrix and the original trabecular bone, resulting in the lack of bone in the bone. The lamellar and osteoblasts lose their elasticity and the trabecular bone structure is poor, making the bone brittle and fragile.

an examination

Related inspection

Bone mineral density determination of bone and joint plains of the extremities Serum osteocalcin (BGP) Positron emission computed tomography (PET) CT examination of bone and joint and soft tissue

The bone is hard and brittle. The bone marrow cavity is filled with proliferating calcified cartilage, which makes the bone marrow cavity smaller, and even the bone marrow cavity is not seen. The bone marrow hematopoiesis is reduced and blood stasis occurs, and the liver, spleen and lymph nodes are swollen. Teeth eruption or hypoplasia. Due to the thickening of the skull below the skull, it can compress the cranial nerve, make the optic nerve atrophy, deafness, facial nerve spasm, and hydrocephalus due to cerebrospinal fluid circulation disorder. Modern imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI), radioisotope scanning, and ultrasound scanning.

Differential diagnosis

Osteoporosis (osteoporosis) is a group of bone diseases caused by various reasons. The bone tissue has normal calcification, the normal ratio of calcium salt to matrix, and metabolic bone lesion characterized by the decrease of bone tissue volume per unit volume. In most osteoporosis, the reduction in bone tissue is mainly due to increased bone resorption. The incidence is slower and faster, and the biochemical examination is basically normal with bone pain and easy fracture. Pathological anatomy showed that the cortical bone was thin, and the trabecular bone sparse atrophic bone layer was not thick.

In general, normal bone is composed of two parts, minerals and organic matter, and the bone density is measured only as part of the mineral. In patients with osteoporosis, the proportion of bone minerals and organic matter is reduced. In patients with osteomalacia, bone minerals are also reduced, but the organic matter is not reduced or even increased. Patients with osteogenesis are due to their organic matter. Abnormal structure leads to a decrease in the overall density of bone minerals. Therefore, for patients with low bone density, osteomalacia or osteogenesis imperfecta should be excluded first.

The bone is hard and brittle. The bone marrow cavity is filled with proliferating calcified cartilage, which makes the bone marrow cavity smaller, and even the bone marrow cavity is not seen. The bone marrow hematopoiesis is reduced and blood stasis occurs, and the liver, spleen and lymph nodes are swollen. Teeth eruption or hypoplasia. Due to the thickening of the skull below the skull, it can compress the cranial nerve, make the optic nerve atrophy, deafness, facial nerve spasm, and hydrocephalus due to cerebrospinal fluid circulation disorder. Modern imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI), radioisotope scanning, and ultrasound scanning.

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