Sebaceous adenoma

Introduction to sebaceous gland adenoma A sebaceous gland adenoma is a benign tumor composed of sebaceous gland cells arranged in a nest. Sebaceous gland adenomas are mainly composed of sebaceous gland cells arranged in a nest, and most of them form small cysts. The interstitial is rich in fibrous connective tissue. Some tumors can be seen in tissue cells and foreign body giant cells, and contain no cholesterol crystals. Some tumors show that most of the ducts are dilated or have obvious eosinophilic metaplasia, and the cystic cavity is often not obvious at this time. The mucus card was stained red, the ductal epithelium and the contents of the cavity were focally positive, and the sebaceous gland cells were negative. basic knowledge The proportion of the disease: the probability of the population is 0.06% Susceptible population: more common in men, the average age of illness is over 60 years old Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: adenocarcinoma

Sebaceous gland adenoma

(1) Causes of the disease

It is a benign tumor caused by the insufficiency of sebaceous glands.

(two) pathogenesis

The tumor is very clear, and it is composed of many small leaves of different shapes and sizes. There is a false envelope around it, located in the lower middle of the dermis. Two types of cells are visible in the lobules:

Hair growth cells (25%):

It is the same as the cells around the normal sebaceous gland, which is equivalent to undifferentiated germinal cells (ie, basal cells). It can have several layers and often extends into the lobes and is intermingled with central mature sebaceous gland cells.

Sebaceous gland cells (18%):

It belongs to mature sebaceous gland cells. In addition, there are some transitional cells between the two types of cells. The distribution of germ cells and sebaceous gland cells in the lobules is also inconsistent. Some leaflets contain mainly germinal cells, similar to basal cell tumors.

Other leaflets contain mainly sebaceous gland cells, similar to mature sebaceous gland lobules. However, in most of the lobules, the ratio of the two types of cells is roughly equal, and the arrangement is often outside the germinal cells, surrounding the sebaceous gland cell mass. If stained with fat, lipids are present in both sebaceous gland cells and transitional cells. Some of the larger lobules contain cystic cavities that are disintegrated by mature sebaceous gland cells. In addition, keratinized squamous cell foci can also be seen, which may be part of the differentiation into the sebaceous gland duct.

Sebaceous gland adenoma prevention

The cause is still unclear, to understand the risk factors of tumors, and to develop appropriate prevention strategies to reduce the risk of cancer. There are two basic clues to prevent tumors. Even if tumors have begun to form in the body, they can help the body to improve resistance. The current focus of cancer prevention and treatment work should focus on and improve those factors that are closely related to our lives, such as Quit smoking, eat properly, exercise regularly, and lose weight. Anyone who follows these simple and reasonable lifestyles can reduce their chances of developing cancer.

Sebaceous gland adenoma complications Complications adenocarcinoma

Because this disease is a rare organ-like tumor, it is a disease with abnormal development, and its size and location are uncertain. Can be combined with keratoacanthoma and visceral malignancies. Therefore, the complications are also diverse, and the skin can exhibit red-yellow-like appearance. Tumor-pressed blood vessels can cause the supply of the vascular-dominated area to be blocked and cause dry skin. For patients with neurological compression, local numbness, fatigue, and foreign body sensation can be formed.

Sebaceous gland adenoma symptoms common symptoms nodular papules fatigue

Symptoms and signs

1, the disease is rare, more common in men, the average age of illness is more than 60 years old. Usually a single round nodule with a smooth or sinuous surface, hard, slightly pedicled at the bottom, skin-colored or waxy yellow. Common in the face or scalp, especially the nose and cheeks, occasionally in the oral mucosa. Its diameter does not exceed 1cm.

2. There are individual cases of this disease combined with systemic cancer. There have been reports of multiple sebaceous gland adenomas with multiple gastrointestinal malignant tumors (Muir-Torre syndrome). There are also patients with colon adenomatous polyps and adenocarcinoma.

Examination of sebaceous gland adenoma

Histopathology: This tumor has a clear boundary with surrounding tissues. It consists of irregularly sized and shaped incompletely differentiated sebaceous gland lobules. There are two types of cells in the lobule, one of which is the same as the surrounding cells of the sebaceous adenoma, which is an undifferentiated germinal cell. For mature sebaceous gland cells, the distribution of germinal cells and sebaceous gland cells in the lobules is different. Generally, the ratio of the two types of cells is nearly equal, and the germinal cells are often arranged around the sebaceous gland cells.

Diagnosis and diagnosis of sebaceous gland adenoma

diagnosis

The disease is generally not difficult to diagnose, according to clinical manifestations, lesion characteristics, histopathological features can be diagnosed.

Differential diagnosis

The disease should be distinguished from senile sebaceous gland hyperplasia, sebaceous gland cancer, and yellow tumor.

Senile sebaceous gland hyperplasia

The lesions are higher than the pale yellow nodules of the skin. They are soft and have a shallow umbilical fossa in the center. The histopathologically characterized by excessively enlarged sebaceous gland lobes surround the central cystic dilatation catheter. The catheter needs to communicate with the central umbilical fossa of the lesion. , opening in the epidermis.

2. Sebaceous gland epithelioma

It is a small nodule of white or yellow, which is more ruptured than sebaceous gland adenoma. Hemorrhage and histopathology are composed of irregular tumor cell mass. The basal-like cells or growth cells in the tumor are the main components.

3. Sebaceous gland cancer

The histopathological manifestations showed that the boundary was unclear and the glandular structure was lost. Only some of the cells could develop into sebaceous gland cells, which migrated into the deep, asymmetrical, and nuclear nucleus.

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