Diffuse thyroid disease

Introduction to diffuse thyroid lesions Common clinical thyroid diffuse lesions are nodular goiter (hereinafter referred to as armor), thyroid cancer (hereinafter referred to as cancer), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (hereinafter referred to as Hashimoto's disease), Graves' disease. Because of the different treatment options for each disease, it is necessary to conduct a pre-treatment qualitative diagnosis of such diseases. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.021% Susceptible people: no specific people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: thyroid-related eye disease thyroid nodule calcification

Causes of thyroid diffuse lesions

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Thyroid diffuse lesion prevention

1, try to avoid X-ray exposure of head and neck in childhood.

2, to maintain a happy spirit, to prevent emotional internal injuries, is an important aspect of preventing the occurrence of this disease.

3, for water and soil factors, pay attention to diet adjustment, often eat kelp, jellyfish, seaweed and use iodized salt. However, excessive intake of iodine is also harmful, and in fact it may be another predisposing factor for certain types of thyroid cancer.

4, thyroid cancer patients should eat nutritious foods and fresh vegetables to avoid fatty, fragrant, spicy products.

5, to avoid the application of estrogen, because it plays a role in the promotion of thyroid cancer.

6, for thyroid proliferative diseases and benign tumors should go to the hospital for active, regular treatment.

7. After the postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy of thyroid cancer, the active use of Chinese and Western medicine prevention and treatment is an effective method to improve the curative effect.

8. Actively exercise and improve disease resistance.

Complications of diffuse thyroid disease Complications Thyroid-related eye disease thyroid nodule calcification

Hyperthyroidism:

The main symptoms: the acute phase of the eye process is the inflammatory response of the extraocular muscle and the posterior ocular tissue. Extraocular muscles can be significantly thicker, 3 to 8 times more than normal, post-ball fat and connective tissue, infiltration, volume can be up to four times. Chronic phase changes are dominated by hyperplasia. There are similar pathological changes in the lacrimal gland. Symptoms include intraocular foreign body sensation, burning pain, photophobia, and tearing. When the eye muscle is partially paralyzed, the eyeball is restricted in rotation and double vision occurs. Because the eyeball is prominent, it can be difficult to close the eyelid and the cornea and the combined membrane are stimulated to cause keratitis, corneal ulcer, conjunctival hyperemia, edema, etc., affecting vision, and severe ulceration causes blindness of the whole eye.

Hyperthyroidism:

Main symptoms: In addition to hyperthyroidism symptoms, mainly liver disease changes, liver enlargement, tenderness, general itching, jaundice, dark urine, increased stool frequency, but good appetite, no oil.

Hyperthyroidism leukopenia symptoms / hyperthyroid anemia:

It is associated with immunomodulatory dysfunction, increased consumption, malnutrition, iron metabolism disorders, and liver damage.

Hyperthyroidism combined with hypokalemia cycle paralysis (referred to as Zhou Ma):

The occurrence of Zhou Ma may be related to abnormal metabolism, immune factors and mental factors. It is also very easy to die in A-S syndrome or respiratory muscle paralysis.

Hyperthyroidism:

(1) Hyperthyroidism causes diabetes: Thyroid hormone can antagonize the action of insulin. The hyperphysiological thyroid hormone content of hyperthyroidism is more antagonistic to insulin, and can promote the absorption of intestinal glucose and promote gluconeogenesis, thus causing an increase in blood sugar, leading to diabetes. This type of diabetes is caused by hyperthyroidism and can be called secondary diabetes. The diabetes caused by hyperthyroidism is not treated with hypoglycemic drugs after the control of hyperthyroidism, and the blood sugar can completely return to normal.

(2) Hyperthyroidism and diabetes coexist: both hyperthyroidism and diabetes have a certain relationship with familial inheritance. The genetic defects of these two diseases often occur on the same pair of chromosomes, so they may be linked together to be passed on to the offspring. Clinically, it is not uncommon for two cases to occur simultaneously in one patient. This type of diabetes is primary, not secondary to hyperthyroidism. After the control of hyperthyroidism, diabetes still exists, and no blood sugar medication is given, and blood sugar cannot be reduced to normal. However, hyperthyroidism can aggravate diabetes and further increase blood sugar, so controlling hyperthyroidism is also important for reducing diabetes.

Symptoms of thyroid diffuse disease Common symptoms Goiter palpitations

First, nodular goiter

Nodular goiter, also known as adenoma-like goiter, is a type of goiter that is endemic and sporadic goiter. When the disease is advanced, multiple nodules are formed. The incidence is also very high, and there are many factors that cause nodular goiter. Common symptoms include multiple nodules in the neck, tiredness and palpitations, and so on.

Second, Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Also known as Hashimoto's disease, many of these diseases are caused by their own immunity. In the early stages of the disease, the common symptoms are palpitations, emotional excitement, eating a lot but the body is thin, afraid of heat and easy to sweat, the neck will be swollen, etc., the disease will develop symptoms of hypothyroidism in the medium term. Mainly cold, loss of appetite, weight gain, women's irregular menstruation, male impotence and so on. Need timely treatment.

Third, thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer is composed of several different biological behaviors and different pathological types of cancer. Thyroid cancer includes papillary thyroid adenocarcinoma and follicular thyroid cancer, as well as undifferentiated thyroid cancer and myeloid thyroid cancer. Four kinds of punishment. The age of onset of these thyroid cancers, the rate of growth, and the like are all different.

Fourth, Graves disease

(referred to as GD), also known as toxic diffuse goiter or Basedow disease, is a specific autoimmune disease in which an organ with excessive secretion of thyroid hormone is present. There is a clear genetic predisposition, and most of the onset is slow. of. In the clinical manifestations, in addition to goiter and high metabolic syndrome, there are some symptoms such as exophthalmos and relatively rare premalignant visceral edema.

Examination of thyroid diffuse lesions

Laboratory tests for increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum gamma globulin increased significantly (more than 25g / L or more), liver function showed BSP retention, bilirubin mildly elevated, transaminase increased, alkaline phosphatase increased slightly, cholesterol decreased The thyroid function is basically normal, urine protein is positive, PSP is reduced, mild renal function is impaired, white blood cells are reduced, and red blood cell life is slightly shortened.

Diagnosis and diagnosis of diffuse thyroid lesions

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