Intestinal parasitic diseases

Introduction to intestinal parasitic diseases Diseases caused by parasites parasitizing in the human intestinal digestive system are collectively referred to as intestinal parasitic diseases. There are many types of intestinal parasites. Common parasites include protozoa and worms (including aphids, hookworms, mites, mites, whipworms, amoeba, giardia, trichomoniasis, etc.) and are parasitic in humans. The process is complicated and the lesions caused are not limited to the intestines. Clinical symptoms and signs vary according to the type and location of the infected parasite and the immune status of the human host. Treatment is based on the elimination of parasites, and the most effective deworming drugs are used according to the species. Supportive therapy can be given when the infection is heavier and the host is weaker, and surgical treatment should be performed in time for surgical complications. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 3% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of transmission: contact spread, digestive tract spread Complications: bacterial dysentery

Causes of intestinal parasitic diseases

1. External environmental factors:

Most intestinal parasitic infections are associated with local hygiene conditions, lifestyle habits, health awareness, economic levels, and family aggregation. The temperature, rainfall and people's production and living habits in nature are epidemiologically important factors.

2, parasite species, quantity:

Parasites parasitize in the cells, tissues or channels of the host, causing a series of damages, not only in protozoa, worms, but also in migrating larvae, and their pathogenic factors to the host are multifaceted. All parasitic organisms that are parasitic in the host can parasitize in a suitable environment, such as parasitic in the human digestive tract, lungs, liver, blood pipelines, and even brain tissue and eyeballs. Parasites in the internal parasites, such as aphids, hookworms, aphids, E. histolytica, and Yar's (old-fashioned giardia) flagellates, cause parasitic diseases in the host.

3. Host resistance is weak:

Intestinal parasites can be invaded into the host through fecal-oral transmission and parasitized in the digestive tract. When the host resistance is weak or decreased, the host is more susceptible to invasion and disease, such as aphids and mites parasitizing in the intestine, capturing a large amount of nutrients and affecting them. Intestinal absorption function, causing host malnutrition, and hookworms attached to the intestinal wall to absorb a large amount of blood, can cause host anemia.

Intestinal parasitic disease prevention

First, comprehensive measures should be taken to adapt to local conditions and adopt different effective methods for different diseases:

1 Large area treatment of patients, eliminating storage hosts to eliminate the source of infection.

2 cut off the route of transmission, such as eliminating vector insects or intermediate hosts.

3 Strengthen health education to change bad hygiene and eating habits, not to drink raw water, not to eat unfamiliar food.

4 Strengthen the population's immunity and personal protection, such as the use of mosquito nets to avoid mosquitoes. Some parasite vaccines such as the Plasmodium vaccine have been studied, but there is still a considerable distance from the practical stage.

Second, life should pay attention to these preventive measures to effectively prevent intestinal parasitic diseases:

1, do not drink cold water, do not eat raw food and unclean fruits.

2, before and after meals, wash your hands and cut your nails.

3, thoroughly cook cooked food, especially when grilling or eating hot pot.

4, educate children to change the habit of eating fingers and biting nails.

5, it is best to give children to sleep in their underwear to prevent them from scratching the anus.

6. Wash the toys regularly or scrub the toys with 0, 05% iodine solution.

7. Strengthen water source management and avoid water pollution.

8, do not urinate with the ground, strengthen the harmless treatment of feces, without fresh manure fertilization.

9. The rural areas should be treated with harmless treatment of the feces, and shoes must be worn when working in the field.

10. Strengthen livestock management. The city does not raise chickens, ducks or geese.

11, child care institutions, schools should regularly check the feces, early detection of children with parasites, in order to facilitate the complete deworming.

Intestinal parasitic complications Complications, bacterial dysentery

1. Malnutrition: For example, aphids and aphids are parasitic in the intestines, which take up a large amount of nutrients and affect the intestinal absorption function, causing host malnutrition.

2, anemia: such as hookworm attached to the intestinal wall to absorb a large amount of blood, can cause host anemia.

3, intestinal wall ulcers: parasite secretions, excreta and dead body decomposition products have toxic effects on the host, which is the most important type of parasite hazard host mode. For example, when E. histolytica invades the intestinal mucosa and liver, it secretes lytic enzymes, dissolves tissues and cells, causes ulceration of the intestinal wall of the host and liver abscess; the secretion and excretion of the aphid of the broad-segmented aphid may affect the hematopoietic function of the host. anemia.

4. Allergic reactions: The metabolites of the parasites and the decomposition products of the dead worms are all antigenic, which can sensitize the host and cause local or systemic allergic reactions. For example, the secretion of oocysts in the oocysts causes immunopathological changes in the surrounding tissues - granuloma of the eggs, which is the most basic disease of schistosomiasis and the main cause of the disease. For example, the antigenic substance of Plasmodium forms an immune complex with the corresponding antibody, deposited on the basement membrane of the glomerular capillaries, and causes glomerulonephritis in the involvement of complement. The wall of the sac is broken and the cystic fluid enters the abdominal cavity. Causes susceptive shock and even death in the host.

Symptoms of intestinal parasitic diseases Common symptoms Abdominal pain Diarrhea Dyspepsia Abdominal pain with diarrhea Weight loss fever accompanied by abdominal pain,... Anal night itching umbilical pain

Different intestinal parasites can cause different digestive symptoms.

Whipworm

It is a common parasite for the human intestine. There are no obvious symptoms of mild infection. When the infection is serious, the patient may have lower abdominal pain and tenderness, chronic diarrhea, stool with blood or occult blood. Children with severe infections may have rectal prolapse, anemia, malnutrition and weight loss.

2. Amoebic dysentery

It is a common protozoal disease in the human intestine. Most of the infected people are asymptomatic pathogen carriers, and a few can have typical clinical symptoms, such as abdominal cramps, pus and mucus, up to dozens of times a day. May be associated with abdominal distension, weight loss, anemia and so on. Amoebic dysentery can also be associated with intestinal bleeding, intestinal perforation, and abscesses in the liver, lungs, brain, genitourinary tract, and adjacent skin.

3. Giardiasis

It is a common protozoal disease in the human intestine. Most infected people are asymptomatic pathogen carriers. Typical symptoms in the acute phase are fulminant watery diarrhea, stench, accompanied by bloating, stinky and belching, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, and upper and middle abdominal cramps. If it is not treated in time, it will develop more chronic, showing intermittent loose stools, yellow foam, and stench, repeated attacks, and the course of disease can last for several years. Children can cause anemia and malnutrition due to diarrhea. When the parasite is parasitic in the biliary system, it can cause cholecystitis or cholangitis.

4. Ascariasis

It is a common parasitic disease in the human intestine. Patients may not develop any symptoms, but children, frail or malnourished symptoms have more chances. It is more common to have recurrent umbilical pain. Sometimes accompanied by loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation. Severely infected people, especially children, can often cause malnutrition, intelligence and developmental disorders. There are fashions that can be mentally disturbed, irritated, grinded, itchy, and horrified. Some patients may have allergic reactions, such as angioedema, intractable urticaria. In addition to the above symptoms, sometimes can cause serious complications, such as biliary ascariasis, intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation and peritonitis.

5. Hookworm disease

It is an intestinal parasitic disease that is common and harmful to the human body. At the beginning of the infection, there is a itch and burning sensation in the infected area, followed by small bleeding spots, papules or small herpes. Can disappear within a few days. Scratching can be followed by bacterial infection and local lymphadenopathy. 3 to 5 days after infection, patients often have cough, itchy throat, hoarseness, etc., severe cases have severe dry cough and asthma and other respiratory symptoms, most of which last for several days to disappear, the elderly can reach 1 to 2 months. In the early stage of the disease, there were upper abdominal discomfort and dull pain. In the later stage, digestive symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, intractable constipation or fecal occult blood were often caused by anemia. Some patients like to eat raw rice, raw beans, even dirt, shredded paper, etc., commonly referred to as "heterologism." Anemia is the main symptom of hookworm disease. The skin of patients with severe anemia is sallow, the mucous membrane is pale, and it can cause dizziness, fatigue, palpitations, edema and other symptoms of cardiac insufficiency. Children with severe illness can cause developmental disorders.

6. Pork tsutsugamushi and cysticercosis

Patients generally have no obvious symptoms, and a few have abdominal pain, indigestion, diarrhea, and weight loss. White flakes (slices) found in the feces are the most common cause of medical treatment. When a person ingests the eggs of the pork aphids, the eggs develop into larvae (cystic worms) in the human body, and they will suffer from cysticercosis. Cysts are mainly parasitic in tissues such as the skin, muscles, eyes and brain. The harm to humans is much greater than that of mites. Invasion of subcutaneous or muscle cysticercosis forms nodules, which can cause sensation of muscle soreness and swelling; parasitism in the brain can cause seizures, headache, dizziness, memory loss, limb numbness, hearing impairment, mental disorders, etc., parasitic to the eye Can cause vision loss or even blindness.

7. Ascariasis

Aphids, thread-like, milky white, are small nematodes parasitic in the intestine that can cause tsutsugamushi. When a person sleeps, the female moves to a large amount of ovulation outside the anus, and the excluded eggs adhere to the skin outside the perianal area, mainly causing itching of the anus and perineum skin, and secondary inflammation caused thereby. In addition, patients often have irritability, insomnia, loss of appetite, night terrors and other performance. If the female enters the vagina, uterus, fallopian tube, urethra or abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, etc. after spawning outside the anus, it can cause vaginitis, endometritis, salpingitis and other inflammation.

Examination of intestinal parasitic diseases

First, laboratory inspection

1. Fecal pathogen examination: The examination of parasite eggs and protozoa in feces is a method and an important basis for us to diagnose intestinal parasitic diseases. It can not only observe the infection of parasites, but also evaluate the efficacy of antiparasitic drugs. It is also an important means of conducting epidemiological investigations of these parasitic diseases.

2, blood test: blood routine, white blood cell count and so on.

Second, physical examination

Local abdominal palpation, check for abdominal tenderness, rebound tenderness.

Diagnosis and identification of intestinal parasitic diseases

Diagnosis: Diagnosis and identification based on clinical manifestations and clinical pathogens.

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