Nasopharyngitis

Introduction to nasopharyngitis The inflammation of the nasopharynx mucosa, submucosa and lymphoid tissue is nasopharyngitis, which is divided into acute nasopharyngitis and chronic nasopharyngitis. Nasopharyngitis patients with dry nose discomfort, sticky secretions are not easy to cough up, so frequent cough, often accompanied by nausea, severe cases of hoarseness, sore throat, headache, dizziness, fatigue, indigestion, low fever and other local or systemic symptoms. Nasopharyngeal examination showed chronic mucosal congestion, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and secretion or dryness. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.01%-0.018% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: acute tonsillitis acute rhinitis

Causes of nasopharyngitis

1, viral infection

Coxsackie virus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza virus are common, followed by rhinovirus and influenza virus, and are transmitted through droplets and close contact.

2, bacterial infection

Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus pneumoniae are more common, among which Group A Streptococcus mutans is the most serious infection, which can lead to purulent lesions in distant organs.

3. Environmental stimulation

Such as high temperature, dust, smoke, irritating gases, etc. can cause this disease.

Nasopharyngitis prevention

1, prevention of nasopharyngitis, should pay attention to keep warm, especially patients with rhinitis, whether in winter or summer, if you are in a low temperature environment (summer indoor air conditioning environment), you should pay attention to keep warm.

2, suffering from nasopharyngitis, will be accompanied by symptoms of dryness, tingling, fever and other symptoms. Want to prevent nasopharyngitis, usually pay attention to drinking more water, rest, to ensure that the surrounding air is fresh, avoid spicy food.

3, enhance the body's immunity, can enhance physical fitness through regular exercise such as swimming, running, and thus help prevent nasopharyngitis.

4, eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, but pay attention to not cold food, especially in summer, taboo drink iced drinks and other cold food.

5, eat more protein-rich foods, such as milk, fresh fish, soybeans and so on.

6, avoid smoking, drinking, staying up late and other bad habits, pay attention to personal hygiene, do a good job of cleaning the surrounding environment.

7, if you find high fever, cough, chest tightness, nausea and other symptoms, you should go to the hospital for treatment in time, so as not to miss the best time for treatment.

Nasopharyngeal complications Complications Acute tonsillitis acute rhinitis

Complications: can cause acute sinusitis, acute otitis media, nasal vestibulitis and acute inflammation of the respiratory tract. Acute septic pharyngitis may be complicated by acute nephritis, rheumatic fever and sepsis.

Nasopharyngitis symptoms Common symptoms Sore throat sneezing, dry nose, dry throat, congestion, pharynx, foreign body sensation, cough, infectious rhinitis, nose, fire

1, local clinical manifestations

Nasopharyngeal dry discomfort, sticky secretions are not easy to cough up, so patients often cough frequently with nausea. Severe cases have systemic or local symptoms such as hoarseness, sore throat, headache, dizziness, fatigue, indigestion, and low fever. Nasopharyngeal examination showed chronic mucosal hyperemia, hypertrophy and hypertrophy, covered with secretions or dryness.

2, systemic clinical symptoms

Nasopharyngitis is inflammation caused by infection of viruses and bacteria in the nasopharyngeal cavity. Examination can reveal mucosal edema, hypertrophy, hyperplasia of the nasopharynx, accompanied by secretions. Patients often feel nasal congestion, sneezing, runny (pus) nasal discharge, nasopharynx itching, dry cough, foreign body sensation, difficulty breathing, dizziness, headache, fatigue, loss of olfactory, memory loss and other systemic clinical symptoms.

Nasopharyngitis examination

First, partial inspection:

The nasopharynx mucosa is acutely diffusely congested and swollen. The lymphatic follicles in the posterior pharyngeal wall are bulging, and there is mucus pus from the nasopharynx. Submandibular lymph nodes are enlarged and tender. Chronic patients can be seen with redness and swelling of the pharyngeal side, or hypertrophy.

Second, laboratory inspection:

1. Peripheral blood: The number of white blood cells is normal or low in the acute phase of viral infection. The proportion of lymphocytes is elevated. In the case of bacterial infection, the proportion of white blood cells increases and the left side of the nucleus shifts. Increased proportion of neutrophils and nuclear left shift. ,

2, pathogen examination: under normal circumstances do not do. The type of virus can be determined by immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serological diagnostic method or virus isolation and identification method if necessary. Bacterial culture and drug susceptibility testing contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections.

3, indirect nasopharyngeal mirror: or fiber nasopharyngoscopy easy to see the lesions of the nasopharynx, visible nasopharynx dry congestion or redness, secretions.

4, chest X-ray examination, no abnormalities.

Diagnosis and diagnosis of nasopharyngitis

diagnosis

According to the history, symptoms and signs, the diagnosis of this disease is not difficult.

Differential diagnosis

Influenza

(1) Epidemiology: Influenza is a widespread epidemic disease, mainly in winter and spring. Acute nasopharyngitis occurs throughout the year and is more common in autumn, winter and spring.

(2) Clinical manifestations: The symptoms of systemic poisoning of influenza are obvious, often high fever, 39 ~ 40 ° C, lasting 3 to 5 days, headache, body pain is common and serious, fatigue and weakness appear early, lasting 2 to 3 weeks, can be accompanied There are nasal congestion, sneezing, sore throat, chest discomfort and cough are common, and to a greater extent, can be complicated by bronchitis, pneumonia, and even life-threatening. Tracheal inflammation and granule mucosal changes are typical catarrhal symptoms of the flu. Acute nasopharyngitis mainly manifests as nasal congestion, sneezing, sore throat, mild systemic symptoms, headache, generalized pain and fatigue, and less fatigue, less fever, and some may have mild to moderate chest discomfort and cough, and complications are rare.

2. Nasal disease

(1) allergic rhinitis: a history of allergies, seasonal (hay fever) or sneezing all year round, nasal overflow, nasal congestion with itching. Symptoms and increased eosinophils in nasal secretions contribute to the diagnosis of this disease.

(2) vasomotor rhinitis: no history of allergies, characterized by intermittent vascular filling of the nasal mucosa, sneezing and sputum, dry air can make the symptoms worse. According to the medical history and without purulent and molting, it can be differentiated from viral or bacterial infections.

(3) Atrophic rhinitis: the nasal cavity is abnormally patency, the lamina propria is thinned and the blood vessels are reduced, the sense of smell is reduced and there is molt formation and odor, which is easy to identify.

(4) Nasal septum deviation, nasal polyps nasal examination can confirm the diagnosis.

3. Certain acute infectious diseases

Identification of upper respiratory tract inflammation such as measles, encephalitis, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, poliomyelitis, typhoid fever, typhus and HIV infection, according to the history of symptoms, dynamic observation and related laboratory tests, identification is not difficult.

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