Laryngeal tumor

Introduction to laryngeal tumor Because of the hidden position of the throat and throat, it is generally not easy to see through direct examination. It is not because of the large space, it is not a large cancer, and the symptoms are very light, so it is not easy to detect early. The clinically diagnosed cases often have a wide range and are not very sensitive to radiation therapy, which makes the surgery have many difficulties. In the operation, it is necessary to consider the more thorough removal of the cancer, and the repair of the defect after the resection of the major laryngeal and pharyngeal. And laryngeal cancer often has cervical lymph node metastasis, which increases the difficulty of repair. Classification: laryngeal and posterior wall cancer, piriform fossa cancer, laryngeal cancer. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.8% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: sepsis

Cause of laryngeal tumor

1. Smoking: Smoking is the most harmful to our body. Many people know this, but they can't stop it. Smoking not only causes laryngeal cancer, but also causes a series of cancers such as lung cancer. When tobacco is burned, the benzoquinone produced in the tobacco tar is carcinogenic. Tobacco smoke can stop or slow ciliary movement, causing mucosal edema and congestion, epithelial thickening or squamous metaplasia, which becomes the basis of carcinogenesis. So for the health of our ears and the health of our families, we must smoke less.

2. Alcoholism: Long-term alcoholism can also cause cancer in the throat.

3, air pollution: long-term in the air pollution environment, production of dust or exhaust gas such as sulfur dioxide, chromium, arsenic and other harmful substances inhaled into the body for a long time, it may cause cancer.

4. Viral infection: The virus can cause diseases in the throat. These diseases may become cancerous after being re-invaded by the virus.

5, precancerous lesions: laryngeal leukoplakia is a vocal cord mucosal epithelial keratosis, white plaque lesions appear on the mucosa. Caused by long-term upper respiratory tract infections, smoking, and harmful gas stimuli, caused by chronic stimuli such as excessive sound. It is often the case that cancer eventually occurs.

Laryngeal tumor prevention

1, avoid tobacco, alcohol. Avoid fatty, smoked, salted and spicy foods.

2, hemoptysis avoid hot and dry foods, such as leeks, onions, garlic, cinnamon and fried, barbecued food.

3, eat more foods with anti-pharyngeal cancer, such as Malan head, soybean meal, almonds, loofah, olives, sauce, plum, silkworm cocoons, glutinous rice and so on.

4, should eat foods with anti-infective and ulcerative effects, such as plum, olive, citrus fruit, mangosteen, medlar, honey, leeks, cucumber, bitter vegetables, pig skin, mud snails, scorpions, scorpions, stingrays, etc.

5, foods that are suitable for improving immunity, such as cockroaches, sharks, sea cucumbers, pig spinal cord, cow's milk, goat's milk, pig liver, pig's waist, goose pipe, cow throat, turtle, turtle, herring, oyster, medlar, sesame , kiwi, mushrooms, etc.

6, should eat foods that have the effect of changing the hoarseness, such as pears, radishes, almonds, ginkgo, plum, mangosteen, burdock and so on.

7, should eat foods with protective chemotherapy, radiotherapy, such as eggplant, figs, walnuts, mung beans, red beans, sunflower seeds, rapeseed, dried persimmons, ebony, watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, asparagus, lemon, jujube, loach, pond Clams, crabs, stingrays, squid, sharks, herring, clams, sea bream, pig brain, sheep brain, chicken blood, goose blood, duck blood, squid, sea cucumber, etc.

Laryngeal tumor complications Complications sepsis

Can be complicated by infection, sepsis and so on.

Laryngeal tumor symptoms Common symptoms Sore throat, throat blockage, difficulty breathing, throat, hoarseness

Early often asymptomatic, or occasionally infarction, pressure. When the swelling is gradually increased, difficulty in swallowing occurs. The cancer is ulcerated and may be often asymptomatic, or occasionally infarcted and oppressed. When the swelling is gradually increased, difficulty in swallowing occurs. The cancer is broken, it may cause sore throat, and the pain is often reflected in the ear. Deep cervical lymph nodes (middle group) have metastatic swelling earlier, and many patients often see this for treatment. Tumors such as invading the larynx have symptoms such as difficulty breathing and hoarseness.

Laryngeal tumor examination

Indirect laryngoscopy can be seen in cancer, cauliflower, granulation, or ulcerative infiltration, should be confirmed by biopsy. For deep laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer, the indirect laryngoscope can only reflect the swelling of the mucous membrane in the piriform fossa or the area behind the affected area, and there is salivation. It is recommended to use direct laryngoscopy and biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

Laryngoscope, fiberscope

For the swelling of the neck, it may be a benign tumor caused by inflammatory stimuli. It may be a mass formed by unintentional collision. Under high power lens, the neck lumps of patients with laryngeal cancer may have cauliflower, ulcer, nodular or It is a block and the like.

The laryngoscope can examine the lesions on the vocal cords. People with hoarseness are performing laryngoscopy. If one side of the vocal cords vibrates or vibrates abnormally, it is likely to be a sign of early vocal cord cancer.

Laryngeal biopsy

Biopsy refers to the extraction of sample tissue from the pathogenic tissues of suspected laryngeal cancer for experimental observation. It plays an important role in the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer. For patients with highly suspected laryngeal cancer, if a biopsy is negative and cannot be diagnosed, multiple biopsies can be performed.

CT scan

CT scan is the abbreviation of computerized tomography. Because the absorption and transmittance of x-rays are different in different tissues of human body, the human body is measured by applying highly sensitive instruments, and then the measured data is input into the computer. Analysis and processing can take a cross-section or a stereoscopic image of the body examination site to discover subtle lesions in some parts of the human body. This is of great help in the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer.

Diagnosis and diagnosis of laryngeal tumor

The following checks are possible to confirm the diagnosis:

For throat tumors, biopsy is a necessary means of diagnosis. For deep tumors with normal mucosa on the surface, fine needle aspiration can be used for cytological examination, or biopsy needles can be taken for pathological examination. In the imaging examination, the conventional X-ray oropharynx lateral photography helps to determine the tumor site. CT horizontal photography can be seen in addition to the pharyngeal mass, for the presence or absence of parapharyngeal space invasion, whether there is damage to the mandible or to determine whether the cervical lymph nodes are swollen, whether there is suspicious transfer or not. In recent years, the clinical application of magnetic resonance imaging technology is beneficial to distinguish tumors from normal tissues, and it can display the anatomical parts of lesions in different directions. The scope of invasion of oropharyngeal tumors can be clearly diagnosed.

(1) Benign tumors

Papilloma of thelarynx is the most common form of benign tumor of the larynx. It can occur at all ages, but laryngeal papillomas in children and adults each have different characteristics. Children with laryngeal papilloma often occur in children between 3 and 12 years of age and may be caused by viral infections, often occurring in many parts of the throat. Microscopically, it is a typical papilloma structure. Under electron microscope, the virus inclusions in the nucleus can sometimes be detected. The squamous epithelial keratinization of the covered nipple is not obvious, and malignant changes rarely occur. Adult laryngeal papilloma is often single, often located on the underside of the vocal cords. The squamous epithelium of the covered nipple is significantly more keratinized and is more susceptible to carcinogenesis, so it is considered as a precancerous lesion.

Other benign tumors of the larynx, such as adenomas, hemangioma, fibroids, chondromas, and neurofibroma, are rare.

(two) malignant tumor

Laryngeal cancer is a relatively common upper respiratory tract malignancy, accounting for about 2% to 3% of all cancers. The patients are mostly between 50 and 70 years old, more men than women. It often occurs in people who smoke more. In addition, long-term inhalation of harmful substances, alcohol abuse, environmental pollution, and laryngeal papilloma or leukoplakia may cause lung cancer. Laryngeal cancer can occur in different parts of the larynx, the most common is vocal cord cancer, cancer is confined to the vocal cords; secondly, glottic cancer, cancer occurs in the supraglottic area, such as epiglottis, epigastric wall, ventricular band and throat Room and other places; less subglottic cancer, located below the vocal cords, above the lower edge of the annular cartilage. Among the histological types of laryngeal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma is the most, accounting for 95% to 98%, and adenocarcinoma is less, accounting for about 2%. Laryngeal cancer often infiltrates and grows under the mucosa, and can spread and invade nearby soft tissues. It can also break through the ring membrane and destroy the thyroid cartilage. It can invade the soft tissue and thyroid of the neck. The spread of cancer can be involved in the spread of the diet. , spread down to the trachea. Laryngeal cancer metastasis usually occurs later, often lymphatic metastasis to cervical lymph nodes, more common in the lymph nodes of the common carotid artery bifurcation, and then spread along the lymph nodes of the upper and lower parts of the internal jugular vein. Hematopoiesis can be transferred to the lungs, liver, kidneys and bones, but it is rare. The metastasis of laryngeal cancer is related to its location, growth pattern and degree of differentiation. The vocal cord cancer is more differentiated and slower, and because the vocal cord lymphatic vessels are less, the metastasis rate is the lowest. The supraglottic cancer has low differentiation and rapid development. In addition, the lymphatic vessels in this area are rich, so the cervical lymph node metastasis rate is the highest. Invasive laryngeal cancer has a high metastatic rate, while highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (throated carcinoma) with sickle growth rarely metastasizes.

Laryngeal sarcoma is rare, accounting for about 1% of laryngeal tumors, of which fibrosarcoma is more common, rhabdomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma is less, in addition, laryngeal lymphoma and malignant melanoma are rare.

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