Encephalopathy

Introduction to encephalopathy Encephalopathy refers to brain damage caused by heredity, congenital brain hypoplasia, brain trauma, brain tumor, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral obstruction, infection, chemical poisoning, etc., which leads to mental retardation, thinking, language barrier, and paresthesia. A large class of diseases such as limb paralysis and even incontinence and incontinence, common encephalopathy can be divided into three categories: first, genetic, congenital dysplasia caused by cerebral palsy, mental retardation, etc.; second, acute brain injury caused by trauma The sequelae, cerebral apoplexy caused by cerebrovascular disease, etc.; the third is chronic degenerative diseases caused by central nervous nerve fiber damage and degeneration of brain nerve cells, including Alzheimer's disease, brain atrophy, Parkinson's disease. basic knowledge Proportion of disease: according to different brain diseases, the proportion of illness is different Susceptible people: no specific people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: Parkinson's disease Brain atrophy

Etiology of encephalopathy

The cause of the disease is complicated:

1 contagious. The most common. Bovine thromboembolic meningoencephalitis caused by Haemophilus is mainly found in fattening cattle, showing ataxia, weakness, convulsions, and even falling to the ground; bovine sporadic encephalomyelitis caused by chlamydia, common in young baboons Cattle, showing mental depression, high fever, gait, falling to the ground, angulation and difficulty breathing. Meningoencephalitis caused by listeriosis can occur in many animals. The horse encephalomyelitis caused by the virus originated from the spread of insects in summer, showing high excitement, mild fever, loss of vision, turning and walking, and finally depression and paralysis. Horse viral nasal-pneumonia can also cause brain damage, softening of the gray matter and white matter of the brain, and hemorrhage and yellowing of the cerebrospinal fluid, showing bilateral ataxia and paralysis. Other viral infections such as Japanese Japanese encephalitis, rabies, pseudorabies, cattle catarrhal fever, swine fever, Newcastle disease, and buffalo infectious encephalomyelitis (commonly known as "four feet cold") found in China, etc. Present some symptoms of brain disease.

2 parasitic. Such as brain bullish disease. Sheep and cattle are infected after eating a large number of locust eggs or grasses contaminated with nodules; aphids are parasitic in the brain, often causing the animals to circulate, so it is also called "cycling disease", also known as echinococcosis (see locust plague) . Horse cerebrospinal nematode disease is also an example (see spinal cord disease).

3 nutritional. Due to the disorder of nutrition and metabolism, it is common to have bovine gray matter softening, which is caused by the increase of rumen thiamine enzyme concentration, which leads to the deficiency of conditional vitamin B1. It is more common in fattening cattle, which is expressed in fattening with cereals. During the sudden blindness, nystagmus, ear tremors, angulation, and cerebrospinal fluid pressure increased. Lactation mites are more common in lactating cows that do not feed during grazing or transporting in lush pastures, and are hypomagnesemia. Horses also have lactation, which is found in lactating mares and feeding cubs. It is hypocalcemia. At this time, the brain tissues of cattle and horses were not significantly damaged, but brain function was disordered. Chicks lack of vitamin E and vitamin A both showed movement disorders, the former due to cerebellar softening, the latter due to brain stem damage.

4 is toxic. Notable are: bovine lead poisoning, cerebral edema, focal necrosis and capillary thrombosis; horse mold corn poisoning, caused by Fusarium solani and Fusarium solani toxin, early gray matter softening, white matter softening Horse thief poisoning and fern poisoning, is a conditional vitamin B1 deficiency, showing gray matter softening.

5 other reasons. Such as brain trauma, is an occasional disease. There is no visible change in the brain tissue of hereditary brain diseases, and most of them belong to neurological disorders such as epilepsy.

Encephalopathy prevention

First, the finger movement brain: the skill of the finger function exercise can promote thinking, brain and brain puzzle.

Second, massage the brain. Two hands and ten fingers from the beginning to the beginning of the hair, do the "hair comb" action 12 times; then the two hands thumb on the temples on both sides, the other four fingers against the top of the head, from top to bottom, from the bottom up for a linear massage 12 times; finally The two thumbs in the temple, with a strong force to do the rotation, first clockwise, then counterclockwise, each 12 times.

Third, enhance mental work: the elderly should actively cultivate learning interest, participate in mental work, can prevent disease and anti-aging, prevent Alzheimer's disease.

Fourth, bath brain exercise: After getting up in the morning every morning, it is advisable to go for an outdoor walk or do gymnastics, tai chi, etc., so that the brain gets enough oxygen to wake up various nerves and muscles that are still in a state of inhibition.

Five, brain puzzle: regular eating walnuts, black sesame seeds, peanuts, soy products, corn, honey, seaweed, fish, shrimp, milk and other brain-healthy foods.

Sixth, abstinence and brain: abstinence can nourish, nourishing can brain health, delay brain aging.

Encephalopathy complications Complications Parkinson's disease brain atrophy

Encephalopathy is increasingly threatening human health. It is also one of the concerns of today's society and the medical community. According to the survey, encephalopathy such as cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, brain atrophy dementia, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, brain trauma, and nerve damage diseases account for about 30% of the total number of human diseases. Moreover, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage and the like have the characteristics of high incidence, high mortality, high disability, and high recurrence rate.

Symptoms of encephalopathy Common symptoms Nausea coma, drowsiness, vagueness, intracranial pressure, increased vertigo, nausea and vomiting

Brain trauma: A transient loss of consciousness occurs after brain oscillations, usually recovering within 30 minutes. After waking up, the patient could not recall the situation at the time of the injury and the moment before the injury. Patients may have headache, vomiting, dizziness, irritability, emotional instability, lack of self-confidence, attention to looseness, autonomic symptoms such as pale skin, cold sweat, decreased blood pressure, slow pulse, slow breathing and so on.

Brain tumors: Some manifest emotional disorders such as apathy, unresponsiveness, mild language, and depression. I don't know or don't know my loved ones, I have emotional inversion, my memory is declining, especially the memory loss is obvious, and even my family's name and age are forgotten. It is difficult to understand, calculate and orient. There are still movements and behavioral obstacles, no reason to explore, strong grip, run around, urinate, and even hallucinations and auditory hallucinations.

Cerebral hemorrhage: ICH patients have a significant increase in blood pressure after onset. Due to elevated intracranial pressure, headache, vomiting and varying degrees of disturbance of consciousness, such as lethargy or coma, about 10% of ICH cases have seizures.

Cerebral obstruction: clinical manifestations of dizziness, headache, some patients may have vomiting and psychiatric symptoms, as well as varying degrees of brain damage symptoms, such as hemiplegia, partial sensation. Loss of consciousness can occur when the condition is severe. Cerebral palsy symptoms such as incontinence and dilated pupils.

Examination of encephalopathy

1. CT examination: CT scan of the brain is the first choice for the diagnosis of ICH. It can clearly show the location of bleeding, the size of the person to be broken, the shape of the hematoma, whether it breaks into the ventricle and whether there is a low-density edema around the hematoma and the effect of occupying. The lesions were mostly round or ovoid uniform high-density areas, and the boundary was clear. When the cerebral ventricle accumulated a lot of blood, it was mostly high-density cast, and the ventricles were enlarged. After 1 week, there was a ring-shaped enhancement around the hematoma, and the hematoma absorbed low density or cystic changes. Dynamic CT examination can also assess the progress of bleeding.

2. MRI and MRA examination: It is helpful to find the abnormality of the structure and to determine the cause of brain breaking. The evolution of hemorrhagic lesions and monitoring of cerebral hemorrhage in brainstem and cerebellum is superior to CT scan, and the diagnosis of acute cerebral hemorrhage is inferior to CT.

3. Cerebrospinal fluid examination: patients with cerebral hemorrhage generally do not need lumbar puncture examination to avoid the formation of cerebral palsy, if you need to rule out intracranial infection and subarachnoid hemorrhage, you can be careful.

4. DSA: Patients with cerebral hemorrhage generally do not need to undergo DSA, unless they are suspected of vascular malformations, vasculitis or moyamoya disease requiring surgery or vascular intervention. The DSA clearly shows the ruptured blood vessels and parts of the abnormal blood vessels and contrast agents.

5. Other examinations: including blood routine, blood biochemistry, coagulation function, electrocardiogram examination and chest X-ray examination. Peripheral white blood cells can be temporarily increased, blood glucose and urea nitrogen levels can also be temporarily elevated, thromboplastin time and partial thromboplastin time abnormalities suggest coagulopathy.

Diagnosis and diagnosis of encephalopathy

Middle-aged and elderly patients suddenly develop symptoms during activities or emotional excitement. Symptoms of focal neurological deficits and symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage such as headache and vomiting should be considered. The combined CT scan can quickly confirm the diagnosis.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.