Monkeypox

Introduction to monkeypox Monkeypox is a natural epidemic disease caused by monkey variola virus. It occurs in monkeys in the rainforests of central and western Africa. It can also infect other animals. It can even cause human infection, and its clinical manifestations are similar to those of smallpox. But the condition is lighter. Human monkeypox (humanmonkeypox), also known as Yaba monkey virus disease, is a smallpox-like infectious disease caused by Yaba monkey virus. It is one of the rare infectious diseases that occurs in tropical forests in Africa. It is not transmitted from person to person. People are bitten and scratched by animals such as monkeys. After 5 to 7 days of incubation period, small nodules appear locally and gradually enlarge to 2 cm. It can be self-healed after 3 to 4 weeks. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: contact transmission, body fluid transmission, respiratory tract transmission Complications: sepsis

Monkeypox cause

(1) Causes of the disease

The monkeypox virus was first isolated (1958) from a monkey in a laboratory in Copenhagen, Denmark, known as the Copenhagen monkeypox virus; afterwards, other African animals, such as squirrels, rats, mice, rabbits, were found. Porcupine and pangolin may also be the host of this virus. Monkeypox virus and variola virus belong to the same Orthopoxvirus. Monkey and human monkeypox virus infection is difficult to distinguish from smallpox in clinical symptoms and histopathology. The virus and variola virus have a common antigen, and there is a strong serum cross-reaction and cross-immunization between the two. Therefore, when the monkeypox is prevalent, vaccinia can be used for prevention. The monkeypox virus is rectangular and the size is 200nm×250nm, which can be used in Africa. Cultured and grown in green monkey kidney cells, leading to cytopathic effect, can produce plaques in monolayer culture of chicken embryo fibroblasts, produce small acne-like lesions caused by variola virus on chicken chorioallantoic membrane, rabbit vaccination The virus only produces skin lesions and keratitis, and the encephalation of monkeypox virus in the brain of mice can produce encephalitis.

(two) pathogenesis

Human infection with monkeypox is mainly caused by bites by infected animals, or direct contact with the blood, body fluids, and monkeypox lesions of infected animals; usually passed from animals to humans, even human-to-human monkeys can occur. Acne spread is generally believed to be transmitted through direct, long-term face-to-face contact through a large amount of toxic, breathful droplets. In addition, monkeypox can also be exposed to direct contact with the infected person's body fluids or virus-contaminated items such as clothing. It is spread by sputum, but the transmission of monkeypox is much smaller than that of smallpox, so human transmission is not common.

Monkeypox prevention

Quarantine the imported animals, strengthen the health and epidemic management of the pets; find the sick animals to immediately kill and burn their bodies, use the smallpox vaccine to prevent human monkeypox, about 85% effective, contact or may be exposed to monkeypox Human or animal should be vaccinated with smallpox, but due to the potential risks of smallpox vaccination, the scope of inoculation should not be blindly expanded.

Monkeypox complications Complications sepsis

Can be complicated by bacterial infection, severe cases can occur sepsis, lung infection, respiratory distress syndrome.

Monkeypox Symptoms Common Symptoms Maculopapular Fatigue Throat Pain Herpes Back Pain Herpes Bleeding Propagation Pustular Myalgia Local Lymph Nodes

How many rashes occur at the same time, after the rash, pimples, herpes, pustules, scars after scarring, in addition, monkeypox can cause local lymphadenopathy, the incubation period is 7 to 14 days, the prodromal period is 2 ~ 5 days, manifested as fever, general malaise, fatigue, headache, myalgia, back pain, sometimes sore throat, fever, rash after 1 to 3 days, began as a maculopapular rash, with oval to annular red mass Characteristics; soon developed into herpes, the formation of small pustules, with local lymphadenopathy; some skin lesions have bleeding tendency; finally scarring, shedding, rash usually begins from the face, and then spread to the limbs, oral, genital, etc. There may also be a rash; but it can also start with a rash from other parts of the body. The rash lasts 2 to 4 weeks.

In humans, monkeypox is a sporadic occasional disease with signs and symptoms similar to smallpox. The condition is usually mild, and most medical staff are unfamiliar with monkeypox and smallpox. Monkeypox infection has a history of animal contact. Initially it showed symptoms similar to "flu", followed by herpes on the skin, pustules, and scarring after scarring.

Monkeypox inspection

Through the PCR technology, the monkeypox genomic DNA fragment can be detected from the skin lesions of monkeypox patients, which provides a basis for clinical diagnosis. It can also be used to isolate monkey variola virus from skin lesions by electron microscopy or culture. The fluorescent antibody method and the radioimmunoassay method can detect the monkey variola virus antibody from the serum of the infected person, but are generally only used for epidemiological investigation.

Monkey variola virus can be isolated from lesion specimens by electron microscopy or culture.

Diagnosis and identification of monkeypox

1. Smallpox: It is caused by variola virus infection, severe toxic symptoms (chills, high fever, fatigue, headache, sore limbs and back and back pain, convulsions and coma can occur when the body temperature rises sharply), and skin spots appear in batches. , pimples, herpes, pustules, and finally crusting, dislocation, leaving acne scars. Smallpox is fierce and rapid, and the mortality rate is as high as 30% within 15 to 20 days after infection in unimmunized people.

2. Chickenpox: The distribution of rash is more than the trunk, and the face and limbs are less, showing a centripetal distribution. The rash that started with a pink cap needle turned into a papule within a few hours and became herpes in a few hours. Most herpes became scarred after a few days. Part of the rash starts from rash pimples herpes scarring, only 6 to 8 hours, the rapid development of rash is one of the diseases to be recruited, usually four kinds of rashes exist at the same time, also known as the four generations.

The material in this site is intended to be of general informational use and is not intended to constitute medical advice, probable diagnosis, or recommended treatments.