selective cardiovascular angiography

Selective cardiovascular angiography rapidly injects the contrast agent into the heart chamber to be observed through the cardiac catheter, and records the contrast agent with the contraction of the heart and blood, to analyze the anatomy and functional status of a certain part of the cardiovascular system. Basic Information Specialist classification: cardiovascular examination classification: X-ray Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Fasting 3 to 4 hours before the test. Normal value Selective cardiovascular angiography can be used for the following examinations 1 to observe the shape, location and interconnection of each heart chamber and large blood vessels. 2 observe the shape of intracardiac and extracardiac defects and deformities. 3 Observe the position, anatomy and activity of the heart valve. 4 roughly estimate the extent of stenosis and/or regurgitation. 5 Observe the systolic and diastolic function of the ventricle (especially the left ventricle), and calculate the end-systolic, end-diastolic volume, stroke volume and ejection fraction. Clinical significance Abnormal performance: superior and inferior vena cava angiography can observe the abnormal connection between the superior and inferior vena cava and atrium, vena cava obstruction, etc., right atrial angiography can observe endocardial, myocardial disease, Ebstein deformity and tricuspid atresia, right Ventricular angiography can observe right ventricular outflow tract, pulmonary stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, large blood vessel transposition, right ventricle double outlet, tacigelbin's syndrome and arterial co-drying, pulmonary angiography can observe pulmonary vessels Thromboembolism, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary malformation, pulmonary venous fistula, pulmonary venous malformation and atrial septal defect, left atrial angiography can observe mitral stenosis, atrial septal defect, etc., left ventricular angiography can observe ventricular aneurysm, ventricular septal defect, Mitral regurgitation, aortic valve, left ventricular outflow tract stenosis, aortic transposition, arterial co-drying, etc., ascending aortic angiography can observe aortic malformation, aortic regurgitation, aortic aneurysm, aortic coarctation, Main pulmonary septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, aortic sinus aneurysm, coronary artery spasm and coronary artery malformation. Appropriate population: Congenital heart disease is diagnosed before surgery to determine the nature of the heart murmur, in order to guide the treatment, recurrence of symptoms after cardiac surgery, and need to undergo surgery. Recurrent episodes of severe angina, or angina after myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, congenital malformation of the coronary artery, clinically suspected coronary heart disease, but the symptoms are not typical. Precautions Before the test: fasting for 3 to 4 hours. Seriously practise the actions that the doctor has to do in the examinations, such as inhaling and closing the air, to cooperate with the inspection. Postoperative: After returning to the ward, patients with cardiovascular angiography should observe changes in heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and body temperature within the first 4 to 6 hours, and timely discover changes in cardiac function, arrhythmia, and adverse effects of contrast agents. Handle in time. Patients who are awake should be encouraged to drink more water. Patients who are not awake should be given appropriate intravenous rehydration to promote contrast discharge to reduce the impact on the kidneys. The patient's wound must be observed for bleeding. Patients with femoral vein puncture need to stay in bed for 24 hours. Patients with femoral artery puncture need to stay in bed for 36 hours to avoid premature rupture of the hematoma at the puncture site or the formation of dissecting aneurysms. Inspection process Preoperative preparation of skin, for iodine allergy test and penicillin skin test, in order to avoid nausea and vomiting caused by contrast agent, aspiration, fasting 6 hours before surgery, can give some sedatives before surgery, such as barbiturate or stability, year For children and adults, 1% procaine or 1% lidocaine is used. Infants and young children need intravenous or intensive anesthesia with 1% procaine local anesthesia. In operation, general percutaneous puncture femoral artery and vein are sent into the cardiac catheter. If the child has difficulty in puncture, the great saphenous vein or the expensive vein may be cut or inserted, or the subcutaneous artery may be cut. The catheter is delivered to the site where the contrast is selected. When the catheter is in the blood vessel and the heart chamber, heparin saline (containing 40mg of heparin in 500ml) should be rinsed into the cardiac catheter to prevent the catheter from coagulation. For the left heart system, the catheter should be inserted into the artery system and pushed into the catheter. 0.5 ml/kg of heparin was anticoagulated to prevent thrombosis and embolism. After the angiography is completed, the cardiac catheter is withdrawn to stop bleeding at the site to be puncture, and the pressure is not applied after the bleeding, especially the arterial puncture should pay attention to stop bleeding completely, so as to avoid the formation of hematoma. If the intubation is incision, the vein can be ligated to the distal vessel, and the artery is sutured with a non-invasive vascular suture, and then the skin incision is suspected. Not suitable for the crowd 1, acute nephritis, severe liver disease, severe heart failure. 2, iodine allergy. 3. Pregnant women and menstrual period. 4. Hyperthyroidism, bronchial asthma and allergic diseases. 5, the body is extremely weak. Adverse reactions and risks Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.

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