routine

Regular tests can be used to understand the presence or absence of bacterial, viral and parasitic infections in the digestive tract, early detection of gastroenteritis, liver disease, and diagnostic screening for digestive tract tumors. Routine tests include testing for red blood cells and white blood cells in the feces, bacterial sensitivity tests, occult blood tests (OB), and inspection of eggs. The routine inspection is an inspection item necessary for judging the health of the human body. Basic Information Specialist classification: Digestive examination classification: feces / parasitic examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Including items: fecal color, fecal traits, fecal parasites, fecal red blood cells, fecal white blood cells, warm tips: diet should pay attention to light, mostly with food porridge, noodle soup and other foods that are easy to digest and absorb. Normal value First, the appearance of feces The reference value is normal. The person usually has a bowel movement once a day. The appearance of the stool is yellowish brown, and the shape is mostly cylindrical, round strip or soft mud; the baby stool is yellow or golden yellow. In the case of fine grains and meat, the feces are fine and small, and the feces containing coarse grains or vegetables contain more fiber and increase in amount. Second, stool microscopy Reference values ​​Normal fecal microscopic examination generally does not have red blood cells or white blood cells, or in the high power microscope occasionally see 1 - 2 white blood cells (written 0-1 / HPF or 0-2 / HPF). No cattle eggs and protozoa. Third, fecal occult blood test, also called occult blood test, reverse blood test The fecal occult blood test is an experiment used to examine hidden red blood cells or hemoglobin in feces. This is a very useful diagnostic indicator for checking gastrointestinal bleeding. The reference value is negative. Fourth, stool stool Dan III staining examination, English name SUDANIII Sudan III is a fatty dye that dyes the neutral fat excreted in the feces into a bead red color, which is easy to observe and identify under the microscope. The reference value is negative. Five, fecal bilirubin and fecal biliary determination Normal value is positive. 6. Fecal parasite examination The normal value is negative. Clinical significance First, the appearance of feces In the case of clinically meaningful cases, the appearance of feces can vary. When the patient is defecate, he should observe the color and shape of the stool by the way. You can make a preliminary judgment on the problem of your digestive tract and feces according to the following introduction. 1, thin paste or thin juice, watery samples are more common in a variety of infectious or non-infectious diarrhea, enteritis. 2, yellow green watery stool, and contains a membrane may be pseudomembranous colitis. 3, rice bran-like feces (white Taomi water sample), containing mucus pieces commonly found in cholera and para-cholera, this is a strong infectious disease, must be treated early. 4. When the feces contain more mucus visible to the naked eye, it is mostly inflammation of the small intestine and inflammation of the rectum. 5, when the feces contain visible blood in the naked eye, it is called phlegm, ulcerative colitis, colon or rectal cancer, localized enteritis. 6, the stool contains bright red blood clots / blood is common in hemorrhoids or anal fissure from the blood, more just on the surface of the secret feces. 7, black feces, also known as tar, is shaped like tar, soft and shiny, mostly for upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by various sputum, its occult blood test is positive; and the black caused by taking drugs is dull and The occult blood test was negative. 8, frozen, shaped like a jelly, the surface seems to have a film common in the irritable bowel syndrome after abdominal cramps excreted feces, can also be seen in the feces of chronic bacterial sputum disease. 8, frozen, shaped like a jelly, the surface seems to have a film, commonly seen in the irritable bowel syndrome after abdominal cramps, the feces can also be seen in the feces of chronic bacterial sputum disease. 9, feces after barium meal can be temporarily yellowish white. The yellow-white milk clot in the new cow's stool indicates dyspepsia. 10, thin strips or flat strips indicate rectal stenosis, more common in rectal cancer. 11, dry knots will be early hard globular or sheep fecal, seen in constipation or old defecation. Second, stool microscopy Clinical significance Fecal microscopy may reveal certain problems if found below. 1. When white blood cells increase enteritis, the number of white blood cells is generally less than 15/HPF, fine dysentery or amoebic dysentery, and the number of white blood cells increases significantly. The number of white blood cells increases during allergic enteritis and intestinal parasitic diseases. More eosinophils were found. 2, red blood cell increase is common in lower gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal inflammation, ulcerative colitis, colon cancer, rectal cancer, rectal polyps, hemorrhoids hemorrhage, bacterial dysentery and amoebic dysentery. The number of red blood cells in the feces of amoebic dysentery is significantly higher than that of white blood cells, and the number of red blood cells in bacterial dysentery is often less than that of white blood cells. 3. If the bovine eggs, worms or protozoa are found in the feces, it can be determined that there is a corresponding parasite or protozoal infection, which is the most positive evidence of parasitic infection. 4. Others found that when there are more starch granules or fat droplets in the feces, it may be related to diarrhea, enteritis or chronic pancreatitis; if there is crystallization of Charcoal, it may be suspected that it is amoebic dysentery or hook Insect disease; if a large number of epithelial cells appear, it indicates inflammation of the intestinal wall, such as necrotic enteritis, ulcerative intestinal cancer, etc.; a large number of phagocytic cells can be found in ulcerative colitis or bacterial dysentery. In addition, tumor cells, fat droplets, and the like can be found in the stool examination. Third, fecal occult blood test, also called occult blood test, reverse blood test The fecal occult blood test is an experiment used to examine hidden red blood cells or hemoglobin in feces. This is a very useful diagnostic indicator for checking gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical significance 1. In the early stage of digestive tract cancer, 20% of patients may have positive occult blood test. The positive rate of occult blood in advanced patients can reach more than 90%, and it can be persistently positive. Therefore, fecal occult blood test can be used as the first choice for screening of digestive tract tumors. . 2, patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, digestive tract ulcer fecal occult blood test is mostly positive, or presented intermittent positive. 3, diseases that can cause more red blood cells in the feces, such as dysentery, rectal polyps, hemorrhoids bleeding, etc. can also lead to positive occult blood test. Precautions If the laboratory uses chemical methods to determine fecal occult blood, patients should not eat animal blood, lean meat foods, and more vegetables called chlorophyll, which may cause false positive results of the experimental results. . The use of the monoclonal antibody method to measure fecal occult blood does not have to take into account the effects of the above foods. Fourth, stool stool Dan III staining examination, English name SUDANIII Sudan III is a fatty dye that dyes the neutral fat excreted in the feces into a bead red color, which is easy to observe and identify under the microscope. Clinical significance People eat various types of foods including fat every day. Normally ingested neutral fat is reabsorbed after being digested by pancreatic lipase. If excessive neutral fat appears in the stool, it suggests that the normal digestive function of the pancreas may be reduced. Or bowel hyperactivity, especially in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic head cancer. In addition, positive results may occur in liver compensatory dysfunction, fatty dysentery, and digestive malabsorption syndrome. Five, fecal bilirubin and fecal biliary determination Clinical significance There is no bilirubin in the normal feces and fecal biliary and fecal bilirubin. Therefore, the experimental results are different from other items and are normal under normal conditions. When the content of fecal cholestyramine decreased, it showed biliary obstruction. When the obstruction was completely obstructed, the appearance of feces was white clay-like, and the fecal bilirubin and fecal biliary experiments were negative. For example, the increase of fecal biliary and cetillin has important reference value for the diagnosis of hemolytic diseases. 6. Fecal parasite examination Clinical significance 1. Non-pathogenic parasites 1 protozoal colonic amoeba, micro amoeba, eosinophilic amoeba, and dinuclear amoeba. 2 flagellate, lip whipworm, Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis. 2, pathogenic parasites 1 protozoal soluble tissue amoeba (encapsulated and trophozoites), Giardia lamblia (hair follicles and trophozoites). 2 helminth aphids, mites, hookworms, Schistosoma japonicum, ginger worms, whipworms, liver flukes, etc. Positive results may be diseases: nitrite-containing plant food poisoning, bacterial dysentery, irritable bowel syndrome in the elderly, gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus, pediatric E. coli enteritis, bacterial enteritis, neonatal hematemesis and blood in the stool , allergic vasculitis, elderly hyperthyroidism crisis, anal pruritus precautions Before the examination, you need to follow the doctor's arrangements. Inspection process A stool microscope was used for examination. Not suitable for the crowd The examination is not traumatic and generally has no contraindications. Adverse reactions and risks This test does not cause complications or other hazards.

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