Gastrointestinal hormones

Digestive tract hormones, also known as gastrointestinal hormones, are a series of peptide hormones produced by secretory cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa. They are responsible for the movement of digestive tract, secretion of digestive juice, and physiological activities such as renewal and nourishment of gastrointestinal mucosa. Endocrine cells in the digestive tract are distributed throughout the gastrointestinal mucosa and are intermingled with non-endocrine cells. Some of the secreted polypeptide hormones enter the blood circulation, act on the target organs to cause physiological reactions, regulate the activity of the digestive organs, the secretion of digestive juices, and the process of digestion and absorption. This is an endocrine mode of action. Basic Information Specialist classification: Digestive examination classification: endocrine examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Stop using the drugs that affect the secretion of gastric juice one day before the test. Dinner should not be too full, and you should not eat irritating food. Fasting after 9:00 pm, no water, no medication, no smoking. Check the morning fast (including no milk, etc.). Check the fasting on the day and ban water. Normal value Gastrin: 137 ± 74 μg / L. Trypsin: 4.4 ± 0.38 μg / L. Clinical significance Abnormal result Gastrin (G): elevated serum gastrin in renal insufficiency. Gastrin secretion is mainly caused by food expansion of the antrum, vagus nerve excitatory reflex promotes its secretion or chemical stimulation by food and its decomposition food increases gastrin release, gastric acid increase and sympathetic nerve stimulation inhibit gastrin secretion. Secretin (1) The levels of secretin in the three cases of duodenal ulcer, Zhuo-Eye syndrome and advanced renal failure with increased gastric acid secretion were significantly increased. The concentration of secretin in patients with increased gastric acid secretion was (6.9±0.64) pg/ml, and the fasting plasma secretin level in Zhuo-Ai syndrome patients was higher than 15pg/ml. (2) Drinkers (including general drinking) can cause an increase in the release of immunologically active secretin. (3) Insufficient secretion of secretin, resulting in a strong alkaline pancreatic juice is not enough to neutralize the gastric acid entering the duodenum and form an ulcer. Therefore, in some patients with duodenal ulcer, the secretion of pancreaticin is less than normal. (4) patients with celiac disease and "colon intestinal mucosal colonization" enteritis, jejunal finger villi disappear, surface mucosa atrophy, intestinal mucosal endocrine cell function decline, blood levels of pancreaticin decreased, can not stimulate the pancreas to secrete a large amount of bicarbonate, Can not neutralize the stomach acid into the duodenum, so often accompanied by jejunal ulcers. Cholecystokinin: CCK-containing cells are present in the duodenum and jejunal mucosa, which can be used as a satiety factor to regulate food intake. Too high or too low can affect a person's appetite. CCK concentration is closely related to the pathogenesis of biliary pancreatitis and may be one of the causes of biliary pancreatitis. Abnormal CCK secretion may be one of the important causes of gallbladder bile stasis, gallbladder emptying dysfunction and increased prevalence of gallstones after radical gastrectomy. Enterokin For the twenty-two peptide, distributed in the small intestine, duodenum and other places can enhance gastrointestinal motility; intestinal inhibitory peptide (GIP) is forty-two peptides, distributed in the small intestine, duodenum, jejunum, inhibit gastric acid secretion Enhance the effect of glucose on insulin secretion; vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is octadecyl amide, which is widely distributed in the intestine, which can cause vasodilation of the mesentery, stimulate intestinal secretion and gastrointestinal movement. Affect fetal bowel movements and bowel movements. People who need to be examined have people with symptoms of digestive tract-related diseases, such as indigestion, pancreatic gallbladder problems. High results may be diseases: precautions for renal failure Pre-examination contraindications: Stop using drugs that affect gastric secretion such as atropine, 654-II, probensin, sodium bicarbonate, etc. one day before the test. The patient should not be full on dinner the day before the test and should not eat irritating food. Fasting after 9:00 pm, no water, no medication, no smoking. Requirements for inspection: The patient is fasting on the morning of the test (including no milk, etc.). Check the fasting on the day and ban water. If you do not follow this, it is best to postpone the check to another date. When pumping gastric juice, the patient should not swallow the saliva to avoid diluting the gastric juice and affecting the test results. Inspection process Gastrointestinal pancreatic hormone refers to an active substance produced by endocrine cells scattered in the mucosa of the digestive tract. More than 40 active gastrointestinal pancreatic hormones have been discovered to date. According to physiological standards, under physiological stimulation, it is secreted by specific parts of the digestive tract, and has a special effect on specific tissues or organs other than the secretory site. The nerve connection between the secretory organs and the effector organs is completely cut off, and the physiological function is still significant. The effect is called gastrointestinal pancreatic hormone. According to biochemical standards, these substances should be able to be extracted from specific parts and can be determined in the blood by chemical or immunological methods. Similarly, when injected into the human body from a physiological concentration at physiological concentrations, the same physiological effects should be seen. Not suitable for the crowd Patients with a history of special medications are not suitable for this test. Patients with atropine, 654-II or other medications that affect the secretion of gastrin are not suitable for this test and will have an impact on the test results. Adverse reactions and risks There may be the following risks when taking blood for examination: 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2, discomfort: the puncture site may appear pain, swelling, tenderness, subcutaneous ecchymosis visible to the naked eye. 3, dizzy or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 4. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.

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