ABO blood typing

ABO blood group identification refers to the detection of ABO blood group antigen. Standard anti-A and anti-B sera were used to identify antigens on the erythrocytes of the subjects (direct test), and antibodies in the serum of the subjects were identified using standard type A and B red blood cells (reverse test). Only when the results of antigen identification on the red blood cells of the subject and the identification of antibodies in the serum are completely consistent can the blood type category be confirmed. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Before the examination, the diet is light and alcohol is prohibited. Check for an empty stomach in the morning. Guarantee a good night's sleep. Normal value ABO blood type is divided into A type, B type, O type, AB type. Clinical significance ABO blood group identification is mainly used for: 1 clinical blood transfusion when the circulating blood volume is insufficient or large blood loss or anemia needs blood transfusion treatment, before the blood transfusion must first select the blood donor with the same blood type, and then cross-matching blood, the same can only be blood transfusion. 2 Select an ABO blood group-compatible donor when transplanting organs such as skin and kidney transplants. 3 analysis of the causes of infertility and neonatal hemolysis. 4 paternity test, etc. Precautions Pay attention to disinfection before taking blood. Pay attention to prevent wound infection after taking blood. If blood type is inconsistent during blood transfusion, it can cause serious antigen-antibody reaction in the patient's body, and a large number of red blood cells are destroyed, causing hemolysis and endangering life. Maternal and infant ABO blood group incompatibility can cause hemolytic disease in newborns. In the case of organ transplantation, the blood type of the donor and the recipient are inconsistent, and hyperacute rejection may occur. Inspection process Test tube method 1 Check the inspection table before inspection. Only the blood sample to be inspected is placed on the test tube rack, and the label is checked. 2 Take 6 test tubes (10mm×75mm), 3 for positive typing, respectively indicate anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB; the other 3 for reverse typing, respectively indicate A cells, B cells and O cell. 3 positively set the test tube to add 2 drops of the corresponding reagent serum, add 2 drops of 5% red blood cell suspension to be tested, mix and set at room temperature for 5 min. 4 In the reverse-shaped test tube, add 2 drops of serum to the test subject, add 2 drops of the corresponding 5% red blood cell suspension, mix and set at room temperature for 5 min. 5 Centrifuge 6 tubes at 3000r/min for 15s. 6 Take out the test tube and gently swing it. First observe the red blood cells for agglutination, and observe the results with a microscope. The results of the interpretation are shown in the table below. Reagent serum, red blood cell blood type identification Positive stereotyped reverse stereotype to be examined anti-A anti-B anti-A, BA cell B cell O cell ---++-O +-+-+-A -+++--B +++---AB 7 After re-checking, fill in the registration form and report form or enter the computer. 2. Plate method 1 Clean the plate (white tile or glass plate, etc.), use the marker to draw the reaction cell, and indicate the anti-A, anti-B, anti-A, B on the positive setting side, and indicate the A in the reverse-shaped side. Cells, B cells, O cells. 2 In the positive setting side of the small cell, first add 1 drop of the corresponding reagent serum, and then add 1 drop of 5% red blood cell suspension to the test subject; firstly add 1 drop of serum to the tester on the reverse shaped side, then add the corresponding 5 % reagent red blood cells 1 drop. 3 Shake the plate several times, observe the agglutination phenomenon after 3 to 5 minutes, and observe the results by microscope, and report the results in 15 minutes. If you have doubts, you must do a test tube comparison. Not suitable for the crowd Those without examination indications should not be tested. Adverse reactions and risks May cause repeated infections.

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