Congestive heart failure

When left heart failure occurs, the heart's blood pumping function declines, and the left atrial blood volume is higher than normal. As a result, the blood in the pulmonary veins cannot reach the left atrium effectively and stagnates in the lung. Over time, it causes pulmonary congestion. Exhausted venous return blood is sufficient to cause systemic venous congestion and insufficient blood supply to the arterial system, secondary to pulmonary hypertension in left heart failure.

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