Reduced cardiac output

Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total volume of blood ejected per minute from one ventricle, which is also called the output per cent, which is referred to as the cardiac output in a quiet state. The volume of normal adult left ventricular end-diastole is about 125ml. The end-systolic volume is about 55ml, and the difference between the two is the stroke volume, which is 70ml. It can be seen that each time the ventricle ejects blood, it does not eject all the blood filling the ventricle. Stroke volume as a percentage of end-diastolic volume is called ejection fraction. Reduced cardiac output can lead to shock.

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